How to cultivate Brazilian mushrooms

First, the cultivation season The province is mainly cultivated in the spring. After 25 days of fermentation, the strains can be placed in a single batch. 40 to 50 days can be used to produce mushrooms. Temperature should be maintained at 20 °C ~ 28 °C when the mushroom. Cultivation in the fall should be done by the end of July and the bacteria should be placed at the beginning of August.

Second, the cultivation of cultivated materials formula 100 square meters of raw materials required: hay 2000 kg, of which wheat straw not less than 70%, other straw (bean straw, corn stalks, etc.) or corn heart, cotton shell, weeds, etc. does not exceed 30%. Use dry, mildew-free straw. If corn stalks are selected, they are processed into a 6 to 10 cm long section using a crusher or guillotine. If using a corn heart, the corn heart should be crushed into particles about 1 cm in diameter. Add 750-900 kilograms of manure, mainly beef and sheep manure, add a small amount of chicken, silkworm feces. The manure is required to be clean, without soil and straw, and dried and crushed. If there is no fecal material, 36 kg of urea can be used instead. Also needed auxiliary materials: quicklime 75-85 kg, gypsum 75 kg, magnesium sulfate 1 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 kg, superphosphate 50 kg.

Third, build a heap fermentation (a) pre-wet. Two to three days before the construction of the heap, the forage was first piled up and the stack height was 1.2 to 1.5 meters. Spray the water on the stockpile and turn it over. After the grass is wet, spray water is stopped. After 1 to 2 days, the excess water is drained, and it is advisable to hold the grass in order to be able to dispense two or three drops of water from the fingers. One day before the construction of the heap, the manure was added with water and the ratio of manure to water was 1:1.2. The moisture content of the manure is suitable for the watermark on hand and hand. Dung can not be too wet, otherwise it will affect the fermentation. (b) Build a heap. It is necessary to build a stockpile near the cultivation site where the sheltered winds are sunny, the terrain is high and dry, there is no water accumulation, the water source is near, and transportation is convenient. First remove the debris and weeds from the ground and sprinkle a layer of lime. Then lay a layer of 20-cm-thick fodder. Spread a layer of 5 cm-thick dung on it, and spray the lime water evenly on top of it. This method builds piles layer by layer. The height of the pile is 80-120 cm, the width of the pile is 120-200 cm, and the width of the pile is 80-90 cm. The cross section is trapezoidal and the length of the pile is not limited. If there is no fecal material, when urea is added, urea should be dissolved in water, starting from the third layer of material, and adding it from layer to layer to the material. The top of the stack is covered with a layer of manure to give it a turtleback shape. (c) Zha Kong. Penetrate down the top of the stack to prepare for exhaust. Sloping inward obliquely on both sides of the stack, the hole spacing is 1 meter, the hole depth reaches the middle of the material pile, the diameter of the hole is 20 centimeters; the hole is vertically down in the middle of the stack, the hole spacing is 1 Meter, the depth of the hole reaches the bottom of the pile, the diameter of the hole is 20 cm. Stacked and surrounded by straw and plastic film, in order to heat, rain, sunny days can be covered in the shade net. Dig drains around the stack to prevent rain soaking. (d) turn the heap. After the reactor is built, the temperature in the reactor can rise to 65°C in 5 days, and can reach 70°C in the sixth day. At this time, the first turning can be performed. In combination with the first turnover, the excipients such as gypsum and magnesium sulfate are dissolved in water and uniformly sprayed into the material during the turning. Afterwards, they were piled on every 5 days, 4 days, 3 days, 3 days and 2 days. The fermented fodder was light brown, soft, elastic, odorless, no sour, slightly apple and lees, and a small amount of white actinomycetes.

4. Shelving Shelving Shed on the flat ground, the shed is 4.8 meters wide, 2.5 meters high in the shed and 2.1 meters high on the side. There are two built-in mushroom holders. The width of the mushroom holder is 1.3 meters. The outside of the mushroom holder is 0.6 meters away from the edge of the shelf. Two sidewalks between the two mushroom holders are one meter wide. The height of the middle column is 2.8 meters and the height of the side column is 2.4 meters. Each is buried 0.3 meters underground. A total of three layers of fruiting shelves, spacing 0.6 meters, 0.3 meters from the ground floor, the top of the roof from the shed 1 meter. The mushroom holders can be built with old rice dumplings or old purlins, or they can be constructed of square columns with a side length of 10 cm using cement and coarse iron wire. The column spacing is 1.5 meters, and 6 bamboo poles are placed along the direction of the shed. Ten to ten centimeters above the two pillars, the bamboo poles were tied horizontally, and the shade nets were cut into 1.8-meter-wide and 1.6-meter-wide blocks, and they were tied to the bamboo poles with a plastic film. Cover the entire rack with plastic film until it reaches the ground. When it is necessary to keep warm, ground the plastic film around it tightly and press it with sandbags or other heavy objects; when it needs to be ventilated, remove heavy objects and lift the plastic film. If the summer temperatures are high, a single or double black shade net can be placed 1.5 meters above the roof. If double shading nets are used, the spacing between the layers should be 0.5 meters.

V. Put the strains of culture materials into the mushroom shed two days before and use the aerosol disinfectant to fumigate them in the mushroom shed, and then spread the cultivating materials from the top to the bottom and prepare the seeds for planting. Vaccination tools and vaccinator hands should be disinfected with 75% ethanol or 0.1% potassium permanganate solution prior to sowing.

If using wheat saplings, 3 to 4 bottles of bacteria must be used per square meter, and sowing can be used to sow seeds in three separate batches. Each time the material is spread 8 cm thick, one bottle of bacteria is evenly spread on top of the cultivation material. The vaccinator puts on a rubber glove and mixes it, and then the cultivating material is flattened and pressed with a wooden board to make the bacteria and the culture material tight. Combine. The amount of bacteria in the top layer should be slightly more than the bottom two layers, and the top layer should be covered with a layer of culture material. After the cultivation material is compacted, its thickness should be about 20 cm. For heat preservation and moisturizing, a layer of plastic film should be covered on the culture materials.

If you use strains of fermented material produced by manure, hole sowing method should be used. The strains will be grouped into egg size for spare use. The cultivation materials will be spread on a net rack and will be 20 cm thick. Then they will be “pig” shaped to dig the sowing points. The hole depth is 10 cm and the hole spacing is 10 cm. The bacteria seed group is stuffed into the sowing hole, covered with the surrounding cultivation material, and then lightly pressed to tightly bind the bacteria species and the cultivation material. After sowing, take 1/4 of the bacteria, spread it evenly on the cultivation material, cover a layer of cultivation material, and compact the cover film.

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