Use detailed view
Prior to immunization, careful examination was performed on the use of vaccine vials, the appearance of the bottles, and the color traits of the vaccines in the bottles. The instructions (including the name, batch number, usage, dosage, and expiration date) on the bottle must be clearly stated; bottles and stoppers should be free of cracks; the bottle should have normal color shade, no foreign matter, and no mold growth. Otherwise you must not use it. Special care is taken to prevent the use of vaccines that are outdated or not stored as required.
Strict disinfection
Without dilution of the vaccine, remove the sealing wax from the stopper and disinfect the stopper with an alcohol swab. To inoculate the vaccine by injection route, a sterile needle is fixed on the stopper to suck the liquid. After the liquid is sucked, it is not pulled out. It is wrapped in alcohol cotton to be sucked again. Inject the used needle into the animal and do not aspirate it to avoid contaminating the vaccine.
Use special diluent
Vaccines that need to be diluted before use, add special diluents as required, can be diluted with normal saline or pure cold water, and cannot be diluted with tap water and hot water containing chlorine. When aspirate and dilute the vaccine, it must be fully shaken to make it evenly mixed.
Inoculation method is correct
Vaccination methods include injections, nasal drops, eye drops, drinking water, oral administration, and sprays. When the eye-nose instillation vaccine is used, if the nose drops are to be blocked, the other nostril is to be blocked and manually controlled to inhale it completely through the side of the nostril. Through the eye drops, it is necessary to drip from the lower corners of the livestock and poultry, fully instill it, proceed to the next one, eliminate the figure, and drop it to let go. Use the drinking fountains for epidemic prevention and avoid using metal containers. The drinking water tank should be regularly disinfected. The source of drinking water must not be tap water or other raw water. It is best to use deep well water or cool white water. Before livestock and poultry drink water, they need to stop water for 4 hours to 6 hours. The length of time can be adjusted according to the temperature. It is necessary to ensure that all livestock and poultry can fully drink water. The specific method of vaccine inoculation depends on the test results of finished products. That is, the same vaccine, different production batches, and methods of use are not necessarily the same. Improper inoculation may lead to serious consequences. If the paratyphoid virus live piglet should be determined according to the thawed live bacteria rate to use. When the viable cell rate is more than 50%, oral and injection methods can be used; if less than 50%, it can be taken orally. If the injection is used, a large inoculation reaction may occur, light vomiting, sputum, shock, or even death. . In the course of immunization, such as oral vaccination of a vaccine that is already injected, it is very likely to cause immune failure.
Kaifeng is used up after dilution
Before the vaccine is used, it should be warmed up to room temperature, and shake well after it is opened or diluted. Inactivated vaccines should preferably be used within 12 hours of opening, up to a maximum of 24 hours. Live vaccine should be placed in a cool and dark place after dilution. It should be used within 2 hours, preferably no more than 4 hours.
Discard the remaining vaccine liquid after heating
Unused vaccines are discarded after heat treatment, otherwise they will cause environmental pollution. Unused vaccines in inhalation syringes should not be discarded at will. They should also be injected into special empty bottles and discarded after heat treatment. The used equipment should also be strictly disinfected and must not be discarded at will, otherwise it will contaminate the site and livestock houses.
Infected animals and poultry are not vaccinated
Vaccination of livestock and poultry must be in good health, frail, disease, livestock and poultry in the incubation period of the incubation period is temporarily not suitable for inoculation, and then inoculated after the body returned to normal. Late-pregnant livestock and poultry should be used with caution or without responding to stronger vaccines. Antibiotics and sulfa drugs were banned 7 days before and after the inoculated livestock and poultry, because these drugs had a killing effect on live bacterial vaccines and also had a certain degree of influence on viral vaccines.
Avoiding high temperatures
When vaccinating, you should pay attention to the external environment temperature and try not to inoculate at high temperature. If during the hot season you can choose to do it in the morning or late afternoon, avoid high temperatures at noon.
On demand
Vaccines are biopharmaceuticals that are different from ordinary chemicals and are very delicate. They are generally afraid of heat and some are afraid of freezing. Therefore, when farmers are transporting and storing, little attention will directly affect the quality of the vaccine, affect the immune effect, and even lead to immune failure.
When transporting vaccines, they must be properly packaged to prevent breakage. Avoid high temperatures and direct sunlight during transit. Ship at low temperatures. If the ambient temperature does not exceed 8°C, the vaccine can be routinely transported. When it exceeds 8°C, it must be refrigerated. When transporting a large quantity of goods, a refrigerated truck is usually used, and when it is small, it is loaded into an incubator, an insulated lunch box containing ice cubes, or an open thermos bottle containing ice cubes. However, inactivated seedlings should be prevented from freezing during the cold season.
After the vaccine is purchased, it should be used promptly to avoid long-term storage. If it cannot be used in time, it can be properly stored according to the label instructions. Generally, the use time is less than 2 days, and it can be stored in a dark, dry environment with a temperature of 2°C to 15°C, such as a cellar or a refrigerator freezer. When the amount is small, it can also be stored in an insulated lunch box containing ice cubes. Those who need to save for a long time, the attenuated virus vaccine is stored in the refrigerator freezer, frozen and stored at a suitable temperature of 0 °C ~ -20 °C, especially suitable for storage below -15 °C, inactivated vaccine stored in the refrigerator freezer, suitable temperature is 2 °C ~ 8 °C. Special attention should be paid to freeze-dried seedlings. Avoid freezing and rehydration. Inactivated vaccines cannot be frozen. Otherwise, vaccines will be inactivated or the potency will be reduced.
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