In the past, rapeseeds were mostly transplanted for seedlings and planting, and they had the obvious advantage of yield increase. However, in recent years, due to the rapid transfer of rural labor force, some places have changed their planting methods to live broadcasts, and most of them have been sowed instead. , also some drills, or sowing. Therefore, some new problems have emerged in the fertilization problem. First, the harvest time is late and the seasons are too tight to apply fine fertilizer. Second, it is difficult to apply organic fertilizers. Many farmers neglected formula fertilization, but applied partial N fertilization. They were prone to phosphorus deficiency, potassium deficiency, and lack of other elemental symptoms, ultimately affecting yield.
After adjusting the cultivation mode of rapeseed, in order to strive to increase the yield of oilseed rape, corresponding measures must be taken to apply fertilizer scientifically.
First, the difference, due to fertilization.
1, to understand the demand for rape fertilizer. The first is that rape has a long growth period, requires a large amount of fertilizer, and the required fertilizer is 3.0 to 3.5 times higher than that of Gramineae. Second, the critical period of nutrition for rape is at the seedling stage, and the maximum efficiency of fertilizer is at the flowering stage. Third, rapeseed needs more nitrogen fertilizer than potash fertilizer, more potassium fertilizer needs than phosphate fertilizer, its nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer ratio is 1:0.33:0.39; Fourth, rapeseed base fertilizer accounts for approximately 60% of the total, topdressing accounts for about 40% of total fertilization. Basal fertilizers should be based on grabs, and the former should use 1500 kg of selected farm organic fertilizers, 75 kg of bio-organic compound fertilizers, or 50 kg of high-efficiency inorganic compound fertilizers. Kilograms, sowing later rape with urea 3 ~ 4 kg for seed fertilizer.
2. For rapeseed without basal fertilizer, according to different soil quality, different fertility, different seedling conditions, chase fertilizing materials according to local conditions, to recover the base, to make up for the delay. It is necessary to clarify the demand pattern of rapeseed at different growth stages. According to the study, the nitrogen requirement in the seedling stage accounts for 43.9% of the total growth period, the need for phosphorus is 20.0%, and the demand for potassium is 24.2%. For bolting to the initial flowering stage, nitrogen accounted for 45.8% of the total growth period, phosphorus needed 21.7%, and potassium needed 54.1%. From the flowering stage to the mature stage, the nitrogen requirement accounted for 10.3%, the phosphorus requirement accounted for 58.3%, and the potassium requirement accounted for 21.7%. According to this rule, fertilizer can meet the demand and reduce waste.
Second, catch up with the early recovery, timely place. Although the demand for phosphorus in rapeseed is not as much as nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, it is very sensitive to phosphorus. For example, the critical period for the demand of phosphorus for rapeseed is at the seedling stage. At this time, phosphorus deficiency has a great influence on the nutrient, growth, and yield of rape in the middle and late stages. Even if phosphorus is added in the middle and later stages, it will not make up for the loss of phosphorus during the seedling stage. Because phosphorus can be used repeatedly in the rapeseed body, the earlier it is applied, the earlier the absorption, and the greater the efficiency. Phosphorus application in rapeseeds can promote the early ripening of rapeseed for 2~3 days, and increase the oil content by 0.5~2.4%. Therefore, rape must be applied with sufficient phosphate fertilizer before seedling 5 true leaves. Mossy flowering period is the maximum efficiency period of rapeseed nutrition. The amount of fertilizer needed is the largest proportion in a lifetime. Therefore, the bolting to the flowering period must be applied in a timely manner so that budding flowers can be used.
Third, smooth fertilization, give enough play. In order to focus on rapeseed autumn and winter strong, five real leaf period before, to recover 5 kg of urea per acre to raise seedlings, make up 20-20 kg of phosphate fertilizer. In order to increase fertilizer efficiency, nitrogen and phosphorus should be mixed, deep ditch or acupuncture should be applied, and random application of fertilizers can result in loss of fertilizer. Rape flower bud differentiation, we must chase after the disc fertilizer, this time to chase fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer-based, per acre should be acquaintances and excrement 500 to 750 kilograms of urine, or urea 5 to 7 kg. During the moss-feeding period, 8 to 10 kilograms of urea and 3 to 5 kilograms of diammonium phosphate are applied per mu, or 15 to 20 kilograms of compound fertilizer is applied. In order to prevent premature aging, it is also necessary to topdress 3 to 5 kg of urea and apply boron fertilizer 1 to 2 times. At the same time, Huimanfeng active liquid fertilizer can also be mixed with 500 times liquid, which can play a comprehensive function of cold resistance, resistance, and promote premature.
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