One species of ewes
1. Before breeding and mating, it is essential to focus on rejuvenation and proper nutrition to ensure the ewes are in optimal condition for reproduction. The diet should support normal metabolism, and after weaning, thinner ewes should receive additional nutrients to regain their strength. Daily feeding should mainly consist of dry roughage like sweet potato vines or peanut stalks, which can be freely consumed. Allow them to graze for about 4 hours each day, and during this time, provide approximately 0.4 kg of mixed concentrate per day to maintain energy levels.
2. During the first trimester of pregnancy, the fetus grows slowly, so the nutritional needs remain similar to those when the ewe is not pregnant. However, during the second trimester, the fetus develops rapidly, with about 80% of its body weight gained in these two months. Therefore, it's crucial to increase the metabolic level by 15–20%, and boost calcium and phosphorus content by 40–50%. Also, ensure adequate vitamin A and D. Each day, supplement with 0.6–0.8 kg of mixed concentrate and 3–5 grams of bone meal. About 10 days before delivery, introduce some succulent feed to prepare the ewe for lactation. Management should be strict—avoid overcrowding and sudden disturbances. Keep daily activities calm and steady, and avoid feeding moldy or frozen feed to prevent abortion.
3. During lactation, which lasts 2–3 months postpartum, the ewe’s nutritional needs increase significantly to support milk production for the lambs. In the first two months after birth, the ewe must receive enough nutrients to maintain both her health and milk quality. Typically, she should be fed 1–2 kg of succulent feed and 0.6–1.0 kg of concentrate daily. It's important to control the amount of concentrate to avoid overfeeding. For the first 1–3 days after giving birth, avoid feeding large amounts of concentrate or cold water. As the lambs begin to eat solid food, gradually reduce the amount of succulent feed and concentrate to prevent udder problems. Clean the lambing area regularly, removing any waste such as placenta or hairballs to prevent disease transmission. Lambs are usually weaned at around 2 months of age.
Second, the types of rams
Rams play a vital role in improving flock productivity and enhancing low-yield sheep. They require strict feeding and management to maintain strong physical condition, good senses, high libido, and excellent semen quality and quantity.
1. Nutritional requirements for rams are higher than for ewes. Their diet should include sufficient protein, vitamins A and D, and essential minerals. The feed should be easy to digest and palatable, often made from bran, soybean meal, carrots, and malt. Animal protein is especially important for rams. If they are used frequently for breeding, raw eggs and milk should be added to their diet to support their energy and reproductive health.
2. Rams should be kept separately and not mixed with ewes except during breeding periods. They should graze and exercise in groups for 4–6 hours daily. During the breeding season, they may be used 1–3 times per day, with sperm collected every 3–4 days. After each breeding session, allow them time to rest, especially in hot summer or cold winter conditions. Avoid collecting sperm if the quality is poor. Regular health checks, vaccinations, and parasite control are necessary. Observe the rams’ behavior daily to detect any issues early and ensure they remain in top condition for breeding.
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