In the greenhouse, the primary gases of concern include carbon dioxide (CO₂), ammonia (NH₃), and nitric acid gas (HNO₃). These gases can accumulate due to the high-density and enclosed conditions of industrialized citron cultivation. Under such circumstances, there is minimal air exchange, which leads to a buildup of various gases. The photosynthetic activity, respiration, and microbial processes within the plants, along with the decomposition of organic matter, contribute to maintaining low levels of CO₂ in the shed. At night, CO₂ concentrations can rise up to 0.1%, but during the day, as Toona sinensis performs photosynthesis, the levels drop significantly.
Under normal growing conditions, additional CO₂ supplementation is typically unnecessary. However, when light intensity and duration are optimal, and temperatures remain between 20°C and 25°C, increasing CO₂ levels can enhance the photosynthetic efficiency of Toona sinensis. This leads to greater dry matter accumulation in axillary buds, resulting in improved yield and quality. According to experimental data, when indoor CO₂ levels reach approximately 0.1%, axillary bud yields can increase by 3 to 4 times. At lower concentrations—around 0.05% to 0.06%—yields still improve by about 1.2 times.
There are several common methods for COâ‚‚ supplementation in production:
1. **Organic Fertilizer Fermentation**: Adding organic fertilizers to the fermentation shed enhances microbial activity, leading to increased COâ‚‚ release. Studies show that at peak decomposition, COâ‚‚ levels can be over 100 times higher than in the ambient air. This method is cost-effective and widely used, though it lacks precise control over the timing and amount of COâ‚‚ released.
2. **Ethanol Industry Byproducts**: Carbon dioxide from alcohol brewing can be captured, compressed into liquid or solid form (dry ice), and then introduced into the greenhouse. This method requires specialized equipment, making it more complex but effective.
3. **Combustion of Fuels**: Burning coal, coke, or biogas can both raise COâ‚‚ levels and increase temperature. While this method is practical when fuel is abundant, it also demands appropriate equipment and careful management to avoid overheating or harmful emissions.
4. **Chemical Decomposition**: Using sulfuric acid to react with carbonate compounds releases COâ‚‚, which can then be introduced into the greenhouse. Though this method is currently used in some farms, it also requires specific devices and may be difficult to regulate precisely.
5. **Carbon Dioxide Granule Fertilizer**: These granules slowly release COâ‚‚ based on environmental conditions, such as light intensity. This technique is user-friendly, affordable, and allows for automatic adjustment, making it a popular choice among growers.
In addition to COâ‚‚, other harmful gases like ammonia and nitric acid can negatively affect Toona sinensis in large-scale cultivation. To prevent these issues, farmers should use fully matured organic fertilizers as a base and apply top dressings in small, frequent amounts, combined with proper watering. Regular ventilation is essential to maintain good air quality and reduce the risk of gas buildup. Effective fertilizer and water management not only supports healthy plant growth but also minimizes losses caused by poor environmental conditions.
Wifi Wireless Baby Monitor,Radio Baby Monitor,Wireless Baby Monitors,Wireless Camera Baby Monitor
Shenzhen Zuomi Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.bkvis.com