The management and feeding of pigeons involve leveraging their natural behaviors to influence four key aspects—feeding, housing, mating, and health—in order to enhance their homing ability, obedience, and accuracy in returning. This approach is essential for ensuring the normal breeding and healthy development of pigeons, as well as forming the foundation for training top-tier racing pigeons. A high-quality pigeon can be worth tens of thousands of yuan, making proper care and training highly profitable. Below are detailed methods for effective pigeon management.
First, the loft must provide a safe and comfortable environment that supports the pigeons' natural rhythms. Pigeons are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day and rest at night. Therefore, the loft should be quiet and calm, as constant disturbances, especially at night, can cause stress, leading to confusion and reluctance to return to their nests. The ideal temperature for pigeons is between 13-18°C, with a relative humidity of around 60%. The loft should also be well-ventilated, insulated against extreme weather, and regularly cleaned and disinfected to maintain hygiene.
Second, nutrition plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and performance of pigeons. A balanced diet rich in energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals is necessary to support their physical development and flying capabilities. Young pigeons require more protein to grow strong bones, so adding mung beans or fish meal to their diet is beneficial. During training, high-energy foods like corn and wheat can be used to increase stamina. Breeding pigeons need extra protein, around 18 grams per day, along with sufficient vitamins and minerals. Clean water and grit should always be available.
Third, consistent feeding schedules are vital for developing a strong homing instinct. Feeding pigeons at fixed times and locations helps them form habits, encouraging them to return to their lofts after flights. It’s recommended to feed them in three or two portions daily, and to offer food only after they have returned home. This practice helps build a conditioned response, reinforcing their desire to come back.
Fourth, regular and structured training is essential for building endurance and adaptability. Pigeons should be released twice daily for 1–2 hours, regardless of weather conditions. This helps them develop resilience to various climates and enhances their long-distance flying abilities. Consistency in training ensures they can travel hundreds or even thousands of kilometers successfully.
Fifth, building a bond with the pigeons is key to successful obedience training. Trainers should spend time with the birds from an early age, teaching them to associate human presence with positive experiences. Gentle handling, calling, and interaction help establish trust, making the pigeons more responsive to commands during flight training.
Sixth, timely pairing is important to prevent breeding issues. Once pigeons reach sexual maturity, they should be matched promptly. If a pair is separated, they should be re-matched quickly to avoid losing their sense of companionship, which can lead to disorientation and loss.
Seventh, regular bathing is essential for maintaining feather health and preventing parasites. Pigeons should bathe 5–7 times in summer and 1–2 times in winter, preferably on sunny days. Adding a small amount of iodine or potassium permanganate to the bath water can help disinfect and protect their skin.
Lastly, frequent health checks are critical. Observing pigeons during morning releases, checking their feathers and droppings, and monitoring their behavior in the evening can help detect illness early. Vaccinations and regular vet visits are also necessary to prevent disease outbreaks.
By following these comprehensive practices, pigeon keepers can ensure their birds remain healthy, obedient, and capable of performing at their best in races and competitions.
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