Imitation of eco-cultivation is a hybrid approach that combines pre-industrial greenhouse methods with post-season outdoor pond culture. This technique leverages the rapid growth rates achievable in controlled greenhouse environments to raise juvenile oysters from 3g to 5g quickly. Once they reach around 150g to 250g, they are transferred to outdoor ponds where they continue growing using natural or commercial feed. The goal is to enhance the quality of commercially farmed oysters by integrating industrial and ecological practices. This method includes a mix of greenhouse breeding and pond maintenance, as well as pond-based nesting techniques. It's gaining popularity due to its efficiency and sustainability.
The author highlights several key considerations for successful imitation eco-cultivation. First, selecting suitable oyster varieties is crucial. In Zhejiang, popular choices include Xiaoshan’s Japanese Chinese sturgeon, Deqing’s Qingxi flower hoe, Jiashan’s Liutaji, and Shaoxing’s Jiangnan flower worm. These species are recognized as high-quality and have strong consumer demand. However, it's important to avoid over-cultivating Taiwan cockroaches, as their presence may confuse consumers and affect market perception.
Next, managing stocking density in greenhouses is essential. A range of 20–50 per square meter is recommended. During feeding, careful medication control is needed to prevent residue buildup. Juveniles should undergo a two-week adaptation period before being moved outdoors. Feeds should gradually shift from small clams to larger ones, and water temperature should be slowly adjusted to match outdoor conditions. Before moving, oysters must weigh about 0.25kg, and only healthy individuals should be selected. Disinfection is also necessary before transferring them to outdoor ponds.
Outdoor management involves controlling stocking densities and maintaining a balanced male-to-female ratio. For oysters weighing over 0.25kg, the density should not exceed 400 per mu. Separating males and females before sexual maturity helps prevent aggressive mating behavior, which can lead to injuries and disease. Polyculture is another important aspect—mixing different species like fish, earthworms, grass carp, and shrimp can improve overall productivity and economic returns.
Optimizing the pond environment is also vital. Outdoor ponds should ideally be between 5 to 10 mu in size with a depth of 1.5 to 2 meters. Flexible grid bars can be used for better mobility and management. Sunning areas should be included to help remove toxins, boost metabolism, and reduce parasites. Ponds should be located in quiet, sunny spots with clean surfaces and proper slopes for drainage.
Feeding strategies should focus on fresh, live animal feeds supplemented with specialized commercial feeds. This ensures better quality, lower oil content, and improved appearance. Early feeding should be finely sized and puffed, and more substantial feeds introduced once the oysters reach 0.25kg.
Finally, market specifications matter. Oysters should be harvested at around 0.7kg, not exceeding 1.0kg, as growth slows after this point. Flexibly managing catches based on market demand helps maintain optimal stocking levels and maximize profits. This integrated approach not only improves survival rates and yields but also enhances product quality without compromising fish production, leading to greater overall benefits in aquaculture.
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