Direct damage caused by the improper use of livestock and poultry manure is a common issue in agriculture. For example, in Heshan District of Yiyang City, Hunan Province, a lotus grower used fresh pig manure directly on his fields, which resulted in the death of several acres of lotus leaves. Some plants suffered severe damage, making it clear that raw manure cannot be applied directly to crops. Instead, proper treatment is necessary before it can be safely used as fertilizer.
One of the best methods for treating manure is microbial fermentation. This process not only helps reduce odors but also enhances the nutrient availability for plants. The key to successful fermentation lies in using effective microbial cultures, such as Kinpo fertilizer starters, which accelerate decomposition and improve the quality of the final product.
Untreated manure poses several risks. First, it can spread pests and pathogens like coliform bacteria and nematodes. When applied directly, it increases the likelihood of crop diseases and may even affect human health through contaminated produce. Additionally, unfermented organic matter can lead to the growth of harmful bacteria in the soil, further increasing the risk of plant infections.
Another concern is the heat generated during fermentation. If the manure is placed too close to plant roots or if the plants are young, this heat can damage or even kill them. Moreover, during decomposition, toxic gases such as methane and ammonia are released, which can harm both the soil and the crops, causing root damage and acidification.
The decomposition of organic matter also consumes oxygen in the soil, leading to anoxic conditions. In such environments, plant roots struggle to grow, and overall crop development is hindered. This lack of oxygen can significantly reduce yields and weaken plant health.
Furthermore, unfermented manure has a slow-release effect because its nutrients are mostly in organic or slow-acting forms. These nutrients cannot be directly absorbed by plants and must first be broken down into more available forms. As a result, applying raw manure without prior fermentation reduces the effectiveness of the fertilizer. To ensure better results, it's recommended to use high-quality fermentation agents, such as baby fertilizers from trusted agricultural suppliers, to speed up the process and maximize benefits.
Antifungal drug: A drug used to treat fungal infections(antimicrobial drugs).
Examples of antifungal drugs include miconazole and clotrimazole.
An antifungal medication is a pharmaceutical fungicide used to treat and prevent mycoses such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few are available OTC (over-the-counter).
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