One species of ewes
1. Before breeding and mating, it's essential to focus on rejuvenation and proper nutrition to ensure the ewes are in optimal condition for reproduction. The diet should support normal metabolic functions. After weaning, thinner ewes should receive additional nutrients to regain their strength. The daily feed should mainly consist of dry roughage like sweet potato vines or peanut stalks, allowing them to graze freely for about four hours a day. During this time, they should be given approximately 0.4 kg of a mixed concentrate per day to maintain energy levels and promote recovery.
2. During the first trimester of pregnancy, the fetus develops slowly, so the nutritional needs are similar to those of non-pregnant ewes. However, during the second trimester, the fetus grows rapidly, with about 80% of its body weight gained in this period. Therefore, it's crucial to provide adequate, high-quality nutrition. The metabolic rate should increase by 15–20%, and calcium and phosphorus levels should be boosted by 40–50%. Vitamin A and D should also be included in the diet. Each day, supplement with 0.6–0.8 kg of mixed concentrate and 3–5 grams of bone meal. About ten days before birth, offer some succulent feed to help prepare the ewe for labor. Proper management is vital—avoid overcrowding and sudden disturbances. Keep their activities calm and steady, and avoid feeding them moldy or frozen feed to prevent abortion.
3. Lactation typically lasts 2–3 months after giving birth. In the first two months, milk production is critical for lamb development, so the ewe’s nutrient intake must be carefully managed. Provide each ewe with 1–2 kg of succulent feed and 0.6–1.0 kg of concentrate daily. It's important to control the amount of concentrates fed to nursing ewes. For the first 1–3 days after birth, limit concentrate intake and avoid cold or icy water. As lambs begin to feed on solid food before weaning, gradually reduce the amount of succulent feed and concentrate to prevent mastitis. Maintain cleanliness in the ewe’s living area, removing waste materials like placenta and hairballs regularly to avoid disease transmission. Lambs are usually weaned around two months of age.
Second, the types of rams
Rams play a key role in improving the productivity and quality of the flock. They must be well-fed and properly managed to maintain strong physical condition, good health, high libido, and high-quality semen.
1. Nutritional requirements for rams are higher than for other sheep. They require sufficient protein, vitamins A and D, and minerals that are easy to digest and palatable. A mix of bran, soybean meal, carrots, and malt works well. Animal protein is especially important for rams. If the ram is used frequently for breeding, additional sources like raw eggs or milk should be provided to maintain stamina and sperm quality.
2. Management of rams involves keeping them separate from ewes except during breeding periods. They should graze and exercise for 4–6 hours daily in groups. During the breeding season, rams may be used 1–3 times per day, with a rest period of 3–4 days between collections. After mating, allow them time to recover, especially in hot summers and cold winters. Avoid collecting semen if the quality is poor. Regular health checks, vaccinations, and parasite control are necessary. Always monitor the ram's behavior and mental state to detect any issues early.
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