First, choose a suitable variety. For autumn delayed green cauliflower, you can select early-maturing varieties such as Green Ball, Green Star, or similar types. Alternatively, late-maturing varieties like Green King or Green Ridge are also viable options depending on your market needs and local climate conditions.
Second, determine the right sowing time. Autumn green vegetable cultivation should begin in late July to late August. The exact timing depends on when you plan to sell the broccoli, so adjust accordingly based on your growing season and expected harvest window.
Third, cultivate strong seedlings. 1. Prepare the nursery bed. After harvesting previous crops, clear weeds from the greenhouse and keep the existing plastic film. Seven days before sowing, mix 5000 tons of high-quality soil with 50 kg of superphosphate and 20 kg of potassium sulfate. Till the soil to a depth of 30 cm and level it. Create raised beds that are 6–7 meters long and 1.3–1.6 meters wide, oriented north-south. Sieve the soil and mix it with 100 grams of carbendazim, 100 grams of trichlorfon, and 100 kg of well-screened organic fertilizer. Water the beds thoroughly before sowing.
2. Sow the seeds. After the bottom water is absorbed, sow 50–75 grams of seeds per acre. Cover the seeds with 0.5 cm of fine, sieved soil. Then place a layer of straw over the plastic sheet covering the seedbed. On sunny days, cover the seedbed with straw between 10 am and 5 pm; on cloudy days, skip this step.
3. Manage the seedlings. When the seedlings have two leaves and one heart, remove weak, diseased, or overcrowded plants. Water when the first true leaf appears, and maintain consistent moisture by watering every 3–4 days. Once the seedlings have 4–5 true leaves, give them a couple of thorough waterings before transplanting. Avoid overwatering, as it can lead to root rot. Additionally, spray 75% chlorothalonil every 10 days during the seedling stage to prevent disease outbreaks.
Fourth, transplant seedlings at the right time. Autumn broccoli seedlings are typically ready for transplanting after 30–35 days. Transplant when they have 6–7 leaves. Due to high temperatures, it's best to transplant in the evening. Spacing varies: early-maturing varieties require 33–40 cm between plants and 43–50 cm between rows, while mid- to late-maturing varieties need 50–60 cm and 60–70 cm respectively.
Fifth, manage the crop carefully. From planting until the formation of the flower head, maintain proper irrigation and fertilization. Regularly loosen the soil to avoid waterlogging or drought. Overwatering can cause excessive stem elongation ("water margin"), delaying curd formation. Conversely, too little water can lead to stunted growth and thin flower heads. Keep the soil consistently moist but not saturated.
Sixth, control pests and diseases. 1. Downy mildew: If infected plants are found, spray 64% mancozeb WP diluted at 500 times, repeating every 7 days for 2–3 applications. 2. For pests like locusts, cabbage caterpillars, and diamondback moths, use insecticides such as dichlorvos, smoke agents, or Bt emulsions to control infestations effectively.
Seventh, harvest on time. Harvest when the buds are fully developed but not yet loose. During harvesting, leave 3–4 young leaves below the flower head to protect it from damage and contamination. This helps maintain quality and prolongs shelf life.
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