Mosaic disease is one of the most common diseases on cowpea, especially in summer and autumn, when high temperature and dry season occur, severely reducing yield and quality.
First, the symptoms:
Mosaic disease is a disease of the whole plant. Diseased plants are the first to show symptoms from the upper leaves, and there are dark green, light green and white mosaics or mottled symptoms, and severe leaf shrinkage deformity (right). Diseased plants grow weak, internodes shorten, and the whole plant dwarfs. The flowering organs of the diseased plants are deformed, the flowers are scarce, the knots are few, the pods are rat-tailed, the grains are not abundant, and sometimes brown necrotic markings can also appear.
Second, the pathogen:
The cowpea mosaic disease is caused by a variety of viral infections. There are three main types of virgin mosaic virus: 1. Cucumber Mosaic Virus. Strain of the diseased plant can be infected through frictional contact, but it is mainly transmitted by various tapeworms in vegetable fields, such as Brassica juncea, Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii. Seeds are not poisonous. 2, cowpea pods mosaic virus. It is mainly transmitted through Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii and Cardamom; the rubbing inoculation of the juice can also transmit the virus; the seeds also have a poisoning rate of about 8-10%. In addition to invading kidney beans, it also infects mung beans, lima beans, and ochre, and knuno. 3, cowpea mosaic virus. Mainly through the sick juice rubbing contact and transmission of poison, cotton aphid, peach aphid can also pass the virus. Generally cowpea seeds are not poisonous, but yaksa bean seeds have certain toxic rates.
Third, the law of occurrence and disease conditions:
The source of cowpea mosaic disease, except for a few seeds that can be poisoned, is the main source of infected host plants and some weed hosts in the field. The re-infestation of the disease in the field is mainly achieved through the contact infection of the virus-mediated mediator winged locust and the agricultural operation sap. High temperature and drought weather, as well as extensive cultivation and management, and lack of fertilizer and water are the main factors inducing cowpea mosaic disease.
Fourth, control methods:
1. Select seeds from the full pods of disease-free plants.
2. Strengthen the management of disease control and cultivation: Clear the wild weed host in Tanabe, increase the quality of organic fertilizer, and timely fertilizer. Diligent watering in the dry season prevents soil water shortages, makes plants prosperous, and increases resistance to disease.
3, early treatment of earthworms: In order to prevent locusts from spreading the virus in the field, we must control locusts from the seedling stage. It can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate emulsion 1000-1500 times, or 20% fenchyl ester emulsion 3000 times.
4, the seedling stage can be sprayed with some nutrient sensitizers such as 100 agricultural rich 800-1000 times, 20% of the virus A WP 500 times, 300 times the bacteria poison clear liquid, leaf surface treasure and so on.
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