Soil moisture is the basis for the growth of tobacco, and it is also the basic factor for the quality of tobacco leaves. Flue-cured tobacco demand law is: outreach period by the bottom water (water content in the soil); prosperous long-term water to keep up with, that is, sufficient water supply; maturity should be suitable for water. Therefore, in field water management, irrigation and drainage should be carried out according to the growth characteristics of tobacco plants and weather and soil moisture conditions in each period.
First, less water pouring root water
Soil moisture has a great influence on the growth of roots. Soil moisture is high, and the development of roots is unfavorable. Rooting is less, and rooting is shallow. The soil is suitable for seedlings, which can promote deep rooting and more rooting. The extension period of flue-cured tobacco is a critical period for root extension and is a preparation stage for the vigorous growth of tobacco plants. Therefore, flue-cured tobacco should be kept in bottom water (fixed root water) within 30 days after transplanting. Do not use water as much as possible, and control soil moisture to be about 55% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. Proper drought, rooting for water, and making roots of tobacco seedlings more Students develop in depth and grow vigorously for tobacco plants.
Second, pouring a prosperous long water
The long-term growth of tobacco plants is the period with the fastest growth and development, and the most vigorous life activities. It is the key period for determining the number of leaves and increasing the leaf area. It is the period when moisture and nutrients are needed most. This period consumes about 50% of the total fertility. It is very sensitive to moisture, especially the need to supply sufficient water to use water-soluble fertilizers to meet the needs of the rapid growth and development of underground tobacco plants. If water shortage occurs during this period, it will lead to early flowering of the tobacco plants, and the opening of the leaves will not be good. At the same time, it will easily cause the fertilizer effect to play back and affect the baking quality. This will not only reduce the yield of tobacco leaves but also reduce the quality of tobacco leaves. This involves the production, quality and efficiency of tobacco leaves, which must be highly valued. It is generally required that the maximum soil water holding capacity in the field be about 80%. At this point, as long as the soil water holding capacity of the field is less than 65% (that is, the soil with a depth of about 10cm in the rhizosphere of hand-caught tobacco plants does not clump), and it is in fine weather, it is necessary to act promptly to conduct irrigation, not to be shaken by the next bit of rain. In general, depending on soil moisture, it should be continuously 2-3 times. The first time was when the group tree entered the prosperous period, the second time it was in the middle of the prosperous period, and the third time during the budding period, the surface of the soil in the tobacco field was kept moist and water was not accumulated.
The main method of irrigation is to ensure that there is no surface runoff and deep leakage. At present, there are three methods for applying watering to prosperous water: (1) The hole-irrigation method is applicable to hilly land where water is insufficient and transport is inconvenient. The basic method is to dig a hole 10-15cm deep at a depth of 4-5 cm near the tobacco plant, and then use a spot pouring or injection method to replenish the tobacco plant, 2-4 kg/plant, and cover it with fine soil. (2) Furrow irrigation method: it is pumping water or natural water along the gingival sulcus to infiltrate the water through the soil capillary. Little effect on soil structure. When ditch irrigation, the ditch should not be too long, and the water depth should not exceed 2/3 of the ridge height. Gully irrigation is divided into single and double furrow irrigation. Single furrow irrigation is a ditch with a ditch along the ditch irrigation, pouring a ditch and then to the next ditch. Gully irrigation, is a gutter irrigation. During furrow irrigation, the furrow tail can be plugged so that the moisture in the furrow penetrates into both sides of the furrow. However, the water in the furrow cannot be allowed to stay in the water for too long. Special attention should be paid to avoid flooding to prevent loss of fertilizer and soil compaction. (3) Sprinkler irrigation: This is a modern advanced irrigation technology developed in recent years. It has the advantages of saving labor, saving water, conserving fertilizer, reducing soil erosion, reducing pests and diseases, and preventing soil compaction. With the strengthening and improvement of infrastructure construction in the tobacco fields and improvement of professional services, sprinkler irrigation should be promoted.
The watering time should be kept away from high temperatures at noon, and hot weather should be watered before 10 a.m. and after 4 p.m. Irrigation water uses low-chlorine, non-polluting water sources, reduces chlorine content in tobacco leaves, improves the safety of tobacco leaves, and produces pollution-free tobacco leaves. Appropriate surface water and dedicated reservoirs are preferred, and groundwater is not recommended, especially for deep-water wells.
Third, pay attention to mature water
The tobacco field enters mature stage and is suitable for supplying water, which is conducive to the opening of the upper leaves, normal development, and perfect maturity; the field has suitable moisture, which can avoid the burn caused by strong light; the leaves have suitable moisture when harvesting and baking. It is very beneficial to the synthesis, accumulation and conversion of contained substances and effectively improve the baking quality of tobacco leaves. During the mature period, the soil is dry and the leaf tissue is tight. It can not normally yellow, is not easy to bake, and has more low-level smoke after roasting. Excessive soil moisture and bake at the bottom of tobacco leaves can also cause the tobacco leaves to turn green, making it difficult to bake and reduce the quality of tobacco leaves. In this period, the soil should maintain a maximum water holding capacity of 60%, and the drought index should be 55%. That is, the soil surface of the tobacco field is slightly moist. Drought can be properly watered when there is no rain. Take one line and one line. When there is a lot of rain, the soil moisture is high, especially in the low-land, soil-mass-heavy field blocks, drainage and irrigation canals should be dredged to prevent the accumulation of water in the fields.
Fourth, can not ignore the field drainage
The growth of tobacco requires more water, but at the same time it requires strict soil permeability. Excessive rain is prone to disease, and stagnant water can cause the death of tobacco plants. Therefore, we must treat water supply and drainage as important, pay attention to the drainage of tobacco fields, especially in the later stages of the growth of tobacco fields, and in the rain season, do not do a good job of drainage work. Often too much water in the fields leads to “bottom bake†or “drown drip. ". It is necessary to build a tobacco field drainage system and a tobacco field irrigation facility on the basis of uncovering soil and cultivate soil in tobacco fields. In each tobacco field, especially in low-lying fields, it is necessary to open a good three-ditch (edge, ditch, and furrow). The side ditch and waist ditch are 50-60 cm wide, and the ditch depth is 5-10 cm longer than the bottom of the sulcus. The ditch is also connected to the large and small canals leading to the downstream. The rainy days should be cleared of the ditch in time to prevent silting. When it should be eliminated in time, keep the flow of water flowing, and ensure that the water can be dried out in a rainy way to ensure that water in the field can be eliminated in time.
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