One, site preparation
1. The selected ramie is resistant to drought, barren, and resistant to certain salt and alkali. It is a high-quality crop that is resistant to thin saline-alkali soil. Well-drained, sandy soil with rich soil and rich organic matter is most suitable for planting. Too moist and fertile soil, due to the growth of foliage, will reduce the fertility rate. Infertile soil species of ramie, the plant is short, there are few branches, the result is dilute, the yield is low, so choose the land above medium fertility, drainage, well-watered land is good for planting ramie.
2. The selection of ramie is not strict with the requirements of the former crop. General crop cultivars can be planted. Among them, wheat, corn, sorghum, potatoes and other yams are preferred, and ramie cannot be plucked and bred, otherwise pests and diseases will occur seriously and pollination will occur. Bad, more grain, generally should be implemented for more than 4 - 5 years rotation.
3. The main role of deep ploughing and film-mulching cultivation is to expand roots and promote root growth. Ramie is a deep-rooted crop with a well-developed root system. Therefore, the land on which ramie is planted must be ploughed. The number of autumn ploughs should be good, and the ploughing depth can be about 24-28 cm, but thinner or lower layer of hot soil layer. High-alkali plots may be shallower.
The best time for ploughing should be selected in the fall or in the early spring. The purpose is to loosen the soil and accumulate precipitation. Before the ploughing, the farmyard manure should be applied first, and then the work should be turned to the ground. The ploughing should be done moderately and in a moderate manner. After the ploughing is over, the ploughing should be carried out. The opening and closing ridges should be reduced and the ridges should be built.垡 垡 垡 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 垡 垡 垡 垡 垡.
4. The cultivation of ramie plastic film on the fine soil preparation is a method of less tillage, and the cultivating link can generally be avoided. Therefore, the film can be fully attached to the ground only with careful soil preparation. In autumn, when the soil is thawed 5 centimeters per year in spring, the depression should be carried out, and the required chemical fertilizer should be applied to the soil surface before the flood. The soil should be ploughed into the soil, and the land must be flattened, smashed, and shredded. Pick the roots and stones, gently fine the topsoil, and gently suppress the soil to make the soil layer more elastic and form more capillaries in the soil so as to prevent the soil from hanging. Land preparation should be done in a tightly integrated way. The agronomic requirements of the site preparation are: ground level, fine soil, soft plowed layer, no roots and stones, and good bottoms.
Second, fertilization
Although mulching can promote soil organic matter decomposition and combined release, due to the rapid growth of crops, consumption of nutrients is also more, which will reduce the available nutrient content of the topsoil, coupled with it is not easy to top-dressing, manure must be added, so that all Layer content must be sufficient enough to meet the needs of nutrients throughout the growing season. Fertilization should be based on high-quality agricultural fertilizers, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, and the principle of NPK combined application. Ramie plants should be tall, lush stems and leaves should be strong. Need more fertilizer. The fertilization of ramie should first be applied to basal fertilization, 2000-4000 kg of Mushi farmyard manure and 2.5-15.3 kg of superphosphate, followed by applying base fertilizer on the basis of applying sufficient fertilizer to promote the absorption of nutrients by seedlings. Fertilizer can be used diammonium phosphate, apply 6.7-10 ml per acre.
Third, for
As a ridge is also called ridge, the ramming method, specification and quality have a great influence on the quality of the mulching film, and it is a very important part in ramie plastic film mulching cultivation. According to the actual production, ramie plants should be used sorghum, height is generally not more than 12 centimeters, the width should reach 80-90 centimeters, the arched surface. The sorghum is a kind of shape that is required after the soil is cultivated to a certain height. It has the advantages of facilitating drainage, increasing soil temperature, reducing soil moisture, and reducing pests and diseases. If it is too high, it will not be easy for water to infiltrate into the cocoon and cause drought. The width of cockroaches should also be appropriate. Excessively wide, although it has a good warming effect and strong water retention capacity, it is difficult to keep the film close to the surface of the cocoon, and it is prone to wind damage and grass damage, and the water penetrates slowly. Too narrow, although the moisture penetration is fast, but it is not convenient for the auxiliary membrane operation, and the effect of increasing the temperature is poor, the amount of the membrane is large, and the production cost is increased.
Fourth, cover film
1, the choice of film size Ramie film generally choose thickness 0.013 mm, width 90-95 cm of plastic film.
2, timely film mulching has a protective effect, but when the film is soil moisture is not good, you can not fully play the role of film preservation, so we must seize the soil moisture coating in time, in case of drought in the film should be made before irrigation Oh, make sure the soil is warm. In addition, the temperature increase effect of mulching film is mainly in the front and middle period of the film. Therefore, the film should be applied within 7-10 days before the ramie sowing. Coating in advance is not only conducive to conservation, and the soil temperature rises quickly, creating good temperature and moisture conditions for seed germination.
3. Film-covering operations and chemical-covered film-covered cultivation are inconvenient for cultivating and weeding. In order to better control weeds, herbicides should be sprayed before filming. When herbicides are sprayed, soil moisture must be better, so that a layer of drug film can be formed on the surface of the soil. Do not destroy the film layer after spraying. When using easily photolyzable herbicides such as omethoate, it must be immersed 3-5 centimeters after spraying to make the medicine and soil fully mixed. Spraying and coating should be carried out in conjunction with film spraying.
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