Boron: Conventional boron fertilizer refers to boron chemical products such as borax, boric acid, boron magnesium fertilizer, etc., as trace elements fertilizer for agriculture. In the popularization and application of these conventional boron fertilizers, some insurmountable technical problems have also been exposed:
1 The solubility of boron fertilizer is poor because the boron fertilizer used in Anhui Province is mainly industrial borax purchased from Liaoning, China. Its chemical formula is Na2B4O7.10H2O. This material is generally used in industrial ceramics and glass, but it is used in agriculture. Hard to dissolve. Under normal circumstances, the solubility at 20°C is 4.8%. It can only be slowly dissolved in warm water at 40°C, but it will solidify after cooling. Most of the farmers in areas lacking boron such as Anhui have applied boron fertilizer before the flowering period of rape. Most of this period was around the Spring Festival. It was during the low temperature period that the borax was often dissolved on this side. The borax was not sprayed and the borax was restored to Crystalline. Therefore, during the use of the farmer, they frequently encounter the phenomenon that the boron fertilizer crystal plugs the sprayer nozzle and affects the effect of the boron fertilizer application. When the boron fertilizer is sprayed in the spring, the farmer also carries the phenomenon of a thermos bottle in addition to the boron fertilizer.
2 The low utilization of boron can cause poisoning to the crops of the later crops. Because rapeseed is a winter crop, the temperature during the vegetative growth is low, and after the borax base is applied to the soil, it is difficult to be dissolved, and a considerable part is adsorbed and fixed by the soil. For borax, the utilization of its base application is low, and 70-80% of the boron remains in the soil. In the case of rapeseed and other crop rotations, the application of borax or excessive application of borax in the current season will cause the soil boron content to rise rapidly, causing poisoning to the after-crop crops, especially rice. When borax was planted in rapeseed the first year, the temperature was higher during the growth of rice the following year, and the weather was humid and humid. Among them, undissolved boron dissolved in the dry soil gradually dissolved, and boron adsorbed in the soil was also responsible for the soil. The cation exchange capacity is enhanced and replaced, and the concentration of boron in the aqueous solution is increased. After the rice is absorbed with boron, it is prone to excessive production. According to experiments conducted by Li Yuhui et al in the Limestone soil of Yichun Prefecture, Jiangxi Province, the response of boron to boron fertilizer is related to the available boron content. When the available boron content of soil is 0.11 mg/kg, the boron application rate is increased by 13%. When the available boron in the soil is increased to 0.17mg/kg, the increase rate of boron application in rice is 7%. Therefore, the critical value of boron deficiency in rice does not seem to exceed 0.15 mg/kg of available boron in the soil. For the soil in Anhui Province, the soil does not lack boron when it is planted. When the concentration of boron in the aqueous solution increases, boron poisoning can easily occur, resulting in reduced rice production. In general, the appropriate amount of boron for crops is relatively small. When the concentration of boron in the soil is above 5 mg/kg, seed germination is hindered, and overgrowth of crops above 10 mg/kg is prone to excess symptoms.
3 The boron fertilizer has low boron content, and the poor commercial properties such as boron magnesium fertilizer, boron mud, etc. are cheap, but because of its poor quality as a boron fertilizer, the boron content is very low, only about 0.5-1%. When planting rapeseed, the application rate per mu should be more than 10 kg to meet the needs of rapeseed growth. On the one hand, transportation costs increase. On the other hand, the commodity rate is low and it is difficult to process and dispense. Farmers are difficult to purchase in the market. Even if the boron magnesium fertilizer is purchased, it is often sold by unscrupulous traders for the sale of borax. Most of the labelling uses do not meet the needs of crops, and farmers are easily deceived.
Boron-nutrient crops: Boron has three major effects on the physiological processes of crops: First, it promotes, boron promotes the operation of carbohydrates, and the amount of boron in the plants is appropriate. It can improve the supply of organic matter in various organs of crops, normalize the growth of crops, and increase the productivity. Rate and fruit setting rate. The second is a special role, boron has a special role in the fertilization process. The amount of pollen in the pollen is the highest in the stigma and ovary, which can stimulate pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, so that the pollination can be carried out smoothly. In the absence of boron in crops, anthers and filaments shrunk, and pollen could not form, showing a "flowering but not real" condition. The third is the regulatory role, boron in the plant can regulate the formation and operation of organic acids. In the absence of boron, organic acids accumulate in the roots, cell division and elongation at root apical meristems are inhibited, and cork formation occurs, causing root necrosis. Boron also enhances the crop's ability to resist drought, disease, and promote early crop maturity. In addition, the application of boron fertilizer in rice hybrid seed production can make the maturity of reproductive organs of father and maternal plants tend to be the same, promote the significant increase of seed production, and at the same time improve the seed setting rate of distant hybrids. It can be seen that boron can also play an important role in breeding work. As boron, cashew, peanuts, fruit trees, vegetables and other high boron demand economic crops, boron deficiency will seriously affect the normal growth of crops, boron deficiency has become a major limiting factor hindering crop yield and quality improvement.
Misuse of boron fertilizer
1: Only works on rape (positive solution: it has an effect on fruits and vegetables)
2: Mainly adopt Jishi (positive solution: basic application and spraying, spray before flowering)
3: The ideal species is borax (positive solution: borax 40°C dissolves slowly and is difficult to absorb)
4: Boron-magnesium fertilizer can replace boron fertilizer (positive solution: the main component of boron-magnesium fertilizer is magnesium sulfate, pure boron content is 0.6%)
5: Boron is less important than N, P, and K (positive solution: follow the barrel principle)
6: Boron fertilizer increases cost (positive solution: increase income by 5-15 times cost)
7: Application once, for many years no need to apply various elements of foliar fertilizer better than nitrogen boron fertilizer
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