First, targeted selection of pharmaceutical species
Various pathogens, pests, and weeds have different body structures, physiology, and habits, and the same agent has different effects on different control subjects; the same type of control object also shows different resistance to different agents. In addition, there are significant differences in the resistance of the same species of bacteria, pests and weeds at different stages of development. Therefore, according to different control objects and crops, select the appropriate pesticide species. When selecting pesticides, it is necessary to clarify the physiological mechanism and hazard characteristics of the control subjects, the varieties of crops, and the period of growth, so as to achieve "the right medicine."
Second, grasp the optimal control period
Proper medication is the key to improving the effectiveness of the application. In order to ensure the control effect and avoid the abuse of pesticides, "two checks and two determinations" should be adopted, that is, pests, generally check the population density, determine the control of the target field; check the progress of pest development, determine the appropriate control period. For disease, it is usually to check the incidence, determine the control of the field; check the degree of disease, determine the appropriate period of prevention and treatment.
Third, determine the dilution and dosage of pesticides
When specific operations are performed, pesticides should be used in accordance with the instructions for the use of pesticides. Use of pesticides without labelling instructions is prohibited. When pesticides and water are blended and used, attention should be paid to stirring evenly, otherwise not only can not guarantee efficacy, but also cause local injury.
Fourth, choose the appropriate method of application
The appropriate method of pesticide application must be selected according to the hazard characteristics and distribution of pests, otherwise it will be difficult to control the pests. Such as the prevention and control of soil-borne pathogens, germinating weed seeds, and underground pests, pesticides should be used to treat soil and spread applicators. For example, spraying or dusting methods should be used to prevent and control pests and diseases on plants. Transmissible diseases, soaked with seed or seed dressing.
Fifth, rational and alternating use of pesticides
The alternative use of pesticides with different mechanisms of action, or the rational use of pesticides based on their physical and chemical properties, can not only expand the scope of prevention and control, increase the effectiveness of prevention and control, but also delay the occurrence of pest resistance. However, compounded pesticides should pay attention to:
1. Pesticides can be mixed when their efficacy is improved or their effects are not affected by each other. The rapidly reducing or ineffective efficacy of pesticides after mixing must not be mixed. After mixing for a period of time, the reduced efficacy can be used with the use. 2.
Pesticides mixed with pesticides cannot be mixed.
6. Choose medication time and improve the conditions of application
Such as the prevention and treatment of sunrise pests should be in the morning 8 to 9 am, because the dew has dried at this time, the temperature is not high, is the sunrise pests feeding, activities, the most vigorous time, when the drug will not dilute the drug due to dew The solution and temperature are too high to decompose the pesticides, reduce the efficacy, and help the pests to increase the chances of food and drug exposure; the prevention of nocturnal pests should be in the afternoon 5 to 6 o'clock, because it can avoid light, high temperature, Pests are about to start their activities and medications are good for killing pests. Another example is the insecticide "phoxim" and the herbicide "trifluralin", which is easily decomposed by light. It should be stored in a cool place away from light. The application should be carried out in the evening or on cloudy days. Soil should be mixed with soil to prolong the treatment. Efficacy period. When controlling rice borers and rice planthoppers, there should be a thin layer of water in the field, which will move insect pests upward from the roots to increase the chance of contact with pesticides. Pesticides that fall into the water will spread pesticides from the lower part to the rice plant through the diffusion of rice stems and leaves. In the middle and upper part, the range of insecticides is expanded; the systemic pesticides can be transmitted to other parts of the rice plant for insecticide as the water is absorbed by the roots.
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