1. Enhance the quarantine measures for seed potatoes and potato seedlings. It is essential to enforce strict inspections on all seed potatoes and seedlings to prevent the spread of diseases. Seedlings from infected areas should not be transferred to disease-free zones, and any suspected seedlings must be treated with appropriate chemicals before introduction. Additionally, the transportation of sweet potatoes and dried potatoes should be closely monitored during quarantine to ensure they do not carry harmful pathogens.
2. Ensure complete disposal of diseased plant material. The destructive stem nematode primarily spreads through infected potatoes, vines, and tubers. The nematodes are most concentrated in the tubers and can survive harsh winter conditions, remaining active after one winter and one spring. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct thorough cleanups during spring, nursery season, transplanting time, and late autumn harvests. All diseased plant parts should be collected, dried, and burned to prevent the nematodes from re-entering the soil and infecting future crops.
3. Implement chemical control strategies. One effective method is to soak seedlings in a solution. Mix 50% phoxim emulsion or 40% methyl isothiocyanate emulsion at a ratio of 100 to 150 times diluted with water. Cut the base of the seedlings about 3 inches and soak them for 10 minutes before planting. Another approach is to use toxic soil by mixing 1-2 kg of 5% stemline granules or 5% Shennongdan granules with 30 kg of dry soil. Apply 10 grams of this mixture per planting hole, followed by irrigation, planting, and covering the soil. Alternatively, 3% Milur granules can be used at a rate of 2 kg per acre, applied 10-15 days before planting. This helps prevent phytotoxicity when planting potatoes. Liquid irrigation is also effective—mix 0.3-0.5 kg of 40% methyl isothiocyanate with 1500 kg of water and apply 0.5 kg of the diluted solution per planting hole before planting. In severe infestations, combining both seedling soaking and liquid irrigation can significantly improve results.
4. Adjust harvesting schedules. In areas with serious infestations, it is advisable to delay the planting of spring potatoes until mid-May and harvest them earlier, ideally by late September or early October. This timing helps avoid the peak activity period of the destructive stem nematode. Timely harvesting ensures that the potatoes can be processed quickly for brewing or animal feed, reducing the risk of further infestation and damage.
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