Tegillarca granosalinnaeus, commonly known as grain larvae, blood worms, or nymphs, is a species belonging to the genus Valerianidae, within the family Acrididae and the order Polygonaceae. This marine shellfish holds significant economic value along China’s coastal regions. After years of research and field testing, we have developed a set of practical, high-yield techniques for cultivating muddy nets. Here's an in-depth overview of these methods:
First, selecting the right net enclosures is crucial. The ideal location should be in calm seas with smooth currents, slight freshwater inflow, and low tide areas where the drying time does not exceed 4–6 hours. The beach should be flat, and the surface should remain stable during high tide without any flow issues.
The mud bottom should consist of 70–80% soft mud and 20–30% sand, with no compacted layers. A layer of about 5 cm of silt is also desirable, as it provides a fertile environment rich in benthic algae and other microorganisms that support the growth of Tegillarca granosalinnaeus. Water quality must be clean, free from pollution, and located away from pesticide or chemical plants. The salinity should range between 16.4‰ and 32‰, with a pH of around 8.
Second, breeding methods and facilities require careful setup. Fences are used to define the culture area, making management easier and helping to delineate different zones. The perimeter net should have a mesh size of 3 cm polyethylene, with a height of 50 cm. Wooden poles, bamboo sticks, or cement piles can be used as supports. The net area is typically between 500 to 1,000 mu. For internal partitions, a 2 cm mesh is used, with a height of 20–30 cm, dividing the area into sections of 10–50 acres.
Breeding involves sorting the loaches by size: large (over 400 grains/kg), medium (around 2,000 grains/kg), and small (5,000 grains/kg). These are then distributed accordingly—80–100 kg per acre for large, 40–50 kg for medium, and 40 kg for small.
Third, seed stocking requires preparation. Before placing the seedlings, the beach should be inspected, leveled, and turned over to prevent water flow issues. Any high spots that could interfere with tides should be filled. Predators must be removed before releasing the seedlings. Seedlings are usually collected from the wild between April and June, and care must be taken during transportation, especially in July, August, and September to ensure survival rates. When transporting over long distances, nylon bags (15 kg each) should be used, stacked no more than three layers, and kept in seawater-soaked straw bags to avoid exposure to sunlight and drying out. The journey should not exceed 48 hours.
Fourth, ongoing management is essential for successful cultivation. Beach protection is necessary to prevent theft, with guards stationed on boats covering every 1,000 mu. Regular checks of the nets, stakes, and structures are required to maintain their integrity. Fouling organisms like algae and sea squirts must be cleared promptly. If signs of erosion or troughs appear, mud bags should be used to build dams and fill low areas to prevent further damage. Predators must be regularly removed, and dense populations of loaches should be dispersed or supplemented with additional mud. Growth and density should be monitored frequently, especially during peak breeding months in July and August. Water quality should also be consistently checked.
Finally, harvesting takes place after three years of growth, when the loach reaches a marketable size of approximately 160 grains/kg. The best time for harvest is from January to April, especially around the Spring Festival, when the loach is most plump, flavorful, and easy to store due to lower temperatures. Harvesting methods include raking the mud after low tide, collecting the loach in bags, and washing away impurities. Alternatively, fingers can be used to dig out the "gas eyes" formed in the mud. Loach yields typically range from 200 to 250 kg per mu.
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