Tegillarca granosalinnaeus, commonly known as grain larvae, blood worms, or nymphs, is a species belonging to the genus Valerianidae, family Acrididae, and order Polygonaceae. This marine shellfish holds significant economic value along China’s coastal regions. Following years of research, we have developed a practical, high-yield technique for cultivating muddy nets. Below, we present these methods in detail:
First, the selection of net enclosures.
1. Choose calm sea areas with gentle currents, slight freshwater inflow, and low tide conditions where the drying time does not exceed 4–6 hours in the middle and low tide zones. The beach should be flat, and the surface should remain stable during high tide without any flow issues.
2. The mud bottom should consist of 70–80% mud and 20–30% sand, with no compacted layers. A 5cm layer of silt should be present, indicating a fertile environment. This type of sediment supports abundant benthic algae and other microorganisms, which are essential for the feeding and growth of Tegillarca granosalinnaeus.
3. Water quality must be clean, free from pollution caused by pesticides or chemical industries. The salinity should range between 16.4‰ and 32‰, and the pH level should be around 8.
Second, breeding methods and facilities.
1. Install fences: Nets serve to define the culture area, making management easier and helping to mark boundaries for different muddy zones.
- The perimeter net should use 3cm polyethylene mesh, with a height of about 50cm. Wooden poles, bamboo sticks, or cement piles can be used as supports. The net area typically ranges from 500 to 1000 mu.
- Internal partitions can use 2cm polyethylene mesh, with a height of 20–30cm. Each partitioned area is usually between 10 and 50 acres.
2. Breeding method: After acquiring or transporting loaches, they should be sorted into large, medium, and small sizes. Large individuals are generally over 400 grains/kg, medium-sized ones around 2000 grains/kg, and small ones at 5000 grains/kg. These are then distributed accordingly within the enclosure, with large size stocking at 80–100kg per acre, medium at 40–50kg, and small at 40kg.
Third, seed stocking.
1. Placement: Before laying the seedlings, check the beach and level it by trimming and turning over the surface. High areas that might interfere with tides should be filled to prevent water flow and groove formation.
2. Remove predators: Prior to releasing the seedlings, eliminate any hidden predators in the culture area.
3. Seed introduction: Begin in April. Wild seedlings are usually collected, but they can also be purchased. Wild seeds collected during harvesting should be handled promptly, especially in July, August, and September, to avoid affecting survival rates. For long-distance transportation, ensure proper air temperature and timing. Use nylon bags, 15kg each, stacked no more than three layers. Transportation time should not exceed 48 hours. Cover the bags with seawater-soaked straw to prevent sun exposure and drying out.
Fourth, cultivation management.
All breeding efforts depend on effective management practices. Key measures include:
1. Organize beach protection to prevent theft. Provide one guard boat for every 1,000 mu, with 2–4 guards per boat.
2. Regularly inspect nets, stakes, and structures to ensure they are upright and secure. Remove fouling organisms like algae and sea squirts attached to the nets.
3. Monitor the beach surface for signs of erosion or gullies. If found, use mud bags to build dams and fill low areas to prevent further damage and loss of mud.
4. Remove predators and other harmful animals from the beach.
5. Adjust density by either dispersing dense populations or adding more mud when necessary.
6. Regularly monitor the growth and density of the loach. Pay special attention to their breeding conditions in July and August.
7. Strengthen water quality monitoring to maintain optimal environmental conditions.
Fifth, harvesting.
After three years of growth, the loach typically reaches a marketable size of 160 grains/kg. Harvesting usually occurs between January and April of the following year, especially around the Spring Festival. During this period, the loach is plump, flavorful, and can be stored for longer due to lower temperatures.
Harvesting methods: After low tide, gather the loach using rakes, place them into bags, and wash away impurities. Alternatively, manually dig out the “gas eyes†formed in the mud. The burrowing depth is generally around 1cm. On average, each mu yields 200–250kg of loach.
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