The use of cages in intensive fish farming for California salmon can bring significant economic benefits, and these structures can be placed in reservoirs, lakes, rivers, and ponds. This method offers a flexible and efficient way to raise fish in controlled environments.
1. Cage Setup and Placement
The cage used is a Lux-type knotted double-layered design with dimensions of 4m x 4m x 2m and a mesh size of 2.5cm. The net row floaters are made from bamboo, with main lanes consisting of double rows of bamboo, while the auxiliary lanes have single rows. Each cage is spaced 2 meters apart. The floats are cement blocks weighing 1kg each, with 8 sinks per net. Bamboo rows are secured using 6 cement piers, each weighing 60kg. The cage area is adjusted based on specific needs, typically ranging from 16 to 30 square meters. These cages can be installed in various water bodies, and they can be relocated according to water level changes to maintain a depth of more than 3 meters.
2. Breeding Methods
(1) Single-Cage Rearing: In this method, individual California salmon are kept in separate cages, and feed is provided regularly, leading to higher production rates.
(2) Cage Nesting: Salmon are raised together in the same cage, and bait such as maggots and squid are introduced at the same time. As the salmon grow, the bait species also increase in number, feeding on plankton within the cage. This ensures that the salmon have a consistent food supply and are less affected by external factors. As the bait population decreases, the salmon density remains balanced, promoting healthy growth.
3. Breeding Techniques
(1) Site Selection: Cages are typically placed in the middle and upper reaches of rivers, near reservoirs, around auxiliary dams, or in deep lake areas. It’s important to avoid fast-flowing waters to prevent damage and stress to the fish.
(2) Feeding Timing: Fish should be placed into cages when the water temperature reaches 15°C or higher, ideally as early as possible to extend the growing season. When using pupae or oysters as bait, it's essential to align the timing with their breeding seasons and the availability of plankton.
(3) Stocking Density: If raising California salmon alone, the density should be 20–25 fish per square meter. For mixed stocking with bait fish and squid, the density should be 6–8 fish per square meter. Bait fish and squid should be present in quantities 250–300 times that of the salmon.
(4) Bait Selection: Bait fish must be palatable to salmon. If the bait is too large (over 70% of the salmon’s body length), it may cause difficulty in swallowing, leading to blockages. If too small, it increases feeding costs. Ideally, the bait should be 30–50% of the salmon’s body length.
(5) Grading: Growth rates among salmon can vary significantly, so regular grading is necessary to ensure even development and prevent competition for food. Net sizes should not be the only consideration—too small a mesh can restrict water flow and reduce water quality. The initial cage net size for California salmon is about 1cm. Once the salmon reach over 100 grams, they are moved to a second cage for further growth.
(6) Daily Maintenance: Regular inspections are crucial. The cages should be cleaned every 15 days to maintain clean and fresh water. Any holes or damage should be repaired immediately to prevent fish escape. During flood seasons, cages should be moved to safer, well-ventilated areas before storms. Disease prevention is also key—seedlings should be disinfected before being placed in cages, and feed should be fresh and clean to ensure optimal health.
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