Since April, wheat has entered a critical growth phase known as the nutritional and reproductive stage, specifically the panicle differentiation period. During this time, wheat requires increased nutrients and water to support its development. It is also the most vulnerable period for diseases such as powdery mildew, sheath blight, head blight, as well as pests like locusts, wheat spiders, and midges. Additionally, root activity begins to decline, leading to yellowing roots, reduced white root production, and decreased water and nutrient absorption capacity.
To address these challenges, it's essential to apply fertilizers in three key stages: during panicle differentiation, booting, and early grain filling. This typically occurs from mid-April through early May, covering the full-peak growth period of the crop. By splitting fertilizer applications into three batches, farmers can optimize nutrient uptake and improve overall plant health.
Combined sprays of fungicides, insecticides, and foliar fertilizers offer multiple benefits. First, they reduce costs by minimizing the number of sprays needed and lowering labor expenses. According to field studies, each acre can save over 20 yuan in medication, fertilizer, and labor costs. Second, these mixed sprays enhance control efficiency. The combination of agents boosts the effectiveness of each component, improving disease and pest management while increasing yield potential. Third, the practice significantly boosts productivity. Field observations show that wheat treated with three rounds of sprays during the middle to late growth stages develops stronger stalks, thicker leaves, fuller grains, and higher yields. On average, this results in a 15% increase in production and over 120 yuan per mu in additional profit.
In terms of specific ingredients, common bactericides used in the three sprays include Jinggangmycin, Rhizoma et Radix (combined with Fusarium cerealis), Triadimefon, Ethyl Allicin, Enoxazole, Myclobutanil, Carbendazim, Chlorpheniramine, Thiram, and others. The first spray primarily targets sheath blight, powdery mildew, and rust, while subsequent sprays focus on controlling powdery mildew and scab. Insecticides such as Cypermethrin, Omethoate, Cyhalothrin, Deltamethrin, Fenvalerate, Phoxim, Chlorpyrifos, Acephate, Imidacloprid, Avermectin, and Methotrexate are commonly used. However, high-toxicity pesticides like Methamidophos must be strictly avoided to ensure environmental and food safety.
Regulators or foliar fertilizers play an important role too. The first spray may include rooting agents like sodium phenolate to strengthen root development, while the second can contain amino acids, humic acid, and trace elements to boost leaf photosynthesis. The third spray often includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, cell activators, and active enzymes to enhance substance transport and prevent premature aging. To address nitrogen deficiencies, about 150 grams of urea can be added to each spray mixture.
By following this integrated approach, farmers can ensure healthier crops, better disease resistance, and higher yields—all while optimizing resource use and reducing environmental impact.
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