Since April, wheat has entered the critical phase of nutritional and reproductive growth—known as panicle differentiation. During this period, the crop requires adequate nutrients and water to support its development. However, it is also a time when several serious threats emerge, including powdery mildew, sheath blight, head blight, locusts, wheat spiders, and midge. At the same time, root activity begins to decline, leading to an increase in yellow roots and a reduction in white roots, which affects the plant’s ability to absorb water and nutrients effectively.
To address these challenges, farmers should apply fertilizer and water during the panicle differentiation stage, especially between mid-April and early May, when wheat reaches its full-peak growth. This period includes the transition from panicle formation to booting, and later, the early stages of grain filling after pollination. It is recommended to divide the mid-to-late season fertilization into three separate applications for optimal results.
Combining medicinal and fertilizer sprays offers several advantages. First, it helps reduce costs by integrating fungicides, insecticides, and foliar fertilizers into a single application, thereby minimizing the number of sprays and labor expenses. On average, this approach can save more than 20 yuan per acre in terms of medication, fertilizer, and labor costs. Second, it enhances control efficiency by increasing the concentration of active ingredients, allowing the different agents to work synergistically. This improves the effectiveness of disease and pest management while boosting yield potential. Early intervention during this critical phase can prevent premature aging and reduce the risk of major diseases before they become widespread. Third, this method significantly increases productivity. Field observations show that wheat treated with three rounds of sprays during the mid-to-late growth stages tends to have stronger stalks, thicker leaves, larger grains, and higher yields. On average, such practices lead to a yield increase of over 15%, resulting in more than 120 yuan in additional profit per mu.
According to recent surveys, common bactericides used in the three sprays include Jinggangmycin, Rhizoma et Radix (combined with Fusarium cerealis), Triadimefon, Ethyl Allicin, Enoxyfen, Myclobutanil, Carbendazim, Chlorpheniramine, Thiram, and others. The first spray mainly targets sheath blight, powdery mildew, and rust, while the second and third sprays focus on powdery mildew and scab. Insecticides like Cypermethrin, Omethoate, Cyhalothrin, Deltamethrin, Fenvalerate, Phoxim, Chlorpyrifos, Acephate, Imidacloprid, Avermectin, and Methotrexate are commonly used. It's important to avoid high-toxicity or high-residue pesticides like Methamidophos. For regulators or foliar fertilizers, the first spray may include rooting enhancers, sodium phenolate, and other compounds to strengthen root activity. The second application often contains amino acids, humic acid, fulvic acid, and trace elements to improve nutrient absorption and photosynthesis. The third spray typically includes Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate, cell activators, and enzymes to promote substance transport and maintain plant vitality. To compensate for nitrogen deficiency, about 150 grams of urea can be added to each spray solution.
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