Summer soybeans must be broadcast

The Huaihuai North region of our province is the key production area for high-protein soybeans in China. It mainly cultivates wheat bran, rapeseed, and summer soybean crops. Recently, Zhang Lei, Director of the Crop Research Institute at the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, visited the main soybean-producing areas in the province. He advised farmers to use high-quality, specialized soybean varieties to improve seed quality and ensure uniform emergence. His goal is to achieve a full stand of healthy seedlings. According to Director Zhang, several excellent soybean varieties are currently suitable for promotion in the province. These include Zhonghuang 13, Qidou 24, Qidou 23, Chen 9765, Qidou 15, Hedou 1, 2, 3, and Chenke 928. Additionally, new varieties such as National Auditorium Bean 28, Cowpea 11, 198 Branch, Meng 9449, and Meng 9801 have recently been approved for wider use. Farmers who plan to change or save their own seeds should conduct germination tests in advance. If the germination rate is low, they should increase the sowing amount accordingly. After harvesting rapeseed and wheat, farmers pay close attention to land preparation, plowing, and planting. When water supply is limited, it's recommended to sow immediately after irrigation. Where possible, rotary tillage, seeding, fertilizing, and weed suppression machines can be used to ensure good seedbed conditions. Combining cultivation with crop management, farmers should apply 3,000–4,000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure per acre, or 20–25 kg of specialized compound fertilizer for soybeans, or 10–20 kg of diammonium phosphate. Soil testing and tailored fertilization techniques should also be promoted, applying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers according to specific soil test results. Encouraging straw return and adjusting nitrogen application rates can further enhance soil fertility. Farmers must also implement scientific pest and disease control measures, including chemical weed control. Using coated seeds or seed treatment agents like phoxim and isoflurane can help prevent underground pests such as wireworms and beetles. Before sowing, soaking seeds in a 0.3% solution of 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate-methyl can effectively control root rot. Before soybean emergence, soil sealing with herbicides like acetochlor (50 ml per mu mixed with 50 kg of water) can suppress weeds. Adding ammonium molybdate to seed dressings can boost soybean emergence and nitrogen fixation. Proper seedling establishment is crucial for high soybean yields. Based on germination rates and plant density, precision sowing, mechanical uniform seeding, or small-scale manual precision sowing should be adopted. Choosing an appropriate row spacing based on soil conditions and variety characteristics is essential. For medium to high-fertility fields, a row spacing of 33 cm or 40 cm is typically recommended. The use of 50 cm plus 20–30 cm wide-narrow row sowing methods can improve air circulation and light penetration, making better use of edge effects to increase yield. Proper and dense planting is an effective way to boost soybean production. The sowing density should be determined based on the variety’s growth characteristics, sowing method, and soil fertility. Tall, vigorous varieties should be planted more sparsely, while compact, early-maturing varieties should be planted more densely. The principle "thin land should be dense, rich land should be sparse" guides proper planting density. After soybean emergence, farmers should promptly inspect the seedlings. Severely damaged or short ridges should be replanted or transplanted with soil and water. Once the seedlings are established, they should be carefully monitored to ensure full emergence and healthy growth.

API Products

An active substance is the main active ingredient in a drug. Take a simple aspirin for example. Acetyl salicylic acid is synthesized through chemical process and purified to a specified purity. The synthesis of acetyl salicylic acid is made by adding various excipients, such as fillers, adhesives, disintegrating agents, etc., and then pressing it into tablets. The production of apis is generally either pure chemical synthesis, biological fermentation, or semi-synthesis, with biological fermentation followed by extraction followed by synthesis. Not all pharmaceutical enterprises make API by themselves, and many manufacturers do not have the scale to produce API. Even if there is large-scale production, the cost of production may be much higher than that of procurement. Therefore, most manufacturers buy bulk drugs, and then make preparations, so that the production of drugs can be completed without a very large scale. At present, China and India have become the two largest API producers in the world. Many European and American pharmaceutical companies, even some of their own original drugs, will give up the production of API as the patent expires and the market matures, and turn to purchase apis from China and India,API production generally go through laboratory, generated through laboratory bottle container canister, taking after successful, pilot magnification, which is to enlarge the quantity of the production, then no problem tends to be faced with a lot of small scale experiment, a very simple example, the heating process, due to the relatively small amount in the laboratory, uneven heating cases is less, But if it is scaled up to a few tons of pot, at this time the heating may be not hot in this place, where the paste pot, at this time you need to stir, but the speed of mixing is appropriate, this process needs to calculate or grope. Finally from the pilot test, and then to the formal production, the volume of further amplification, and will face a lot of new problems. Therefore, although some drugs are generic, the research and development of the whole process from small test, pilot test to the final mass production is indispensable, so even generic drugs have very high research and development costs.

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