Chihuo Zao Yang, also known as Jujube's Footsteps, is a significant pest commonly found in jujube-growing regions of China. It primarily affects jujube trees and occasionally wild jujubes. In years of heavy infestation, the larvae can move to other fruit trees such as apples and pears, causing widespread damage.
When the larvae crawl, their bodies appear bow-shaped, which is why they are called "big worms" or "step worms." These larvae feed on young shoots and leaves initially, later moving to flower buds. The feeding results in irregular leaf damage, and in severe cases, entire leaves and flower buds may be consumed, leading to significant yield loss or even total crop failure. With a wide range of host plants, this pest is one of the most destructive in Chinese jujube cultivation areas.
Morphological Characteristics:
Adults: Female moths measure 16–20 mm in length, with a plump body covered in grayish-brown scales. Their antennae are thread-like, and they have three pairs of thoracic legs, along with a cluster of gray hairs at the end of the abdomen. Male moths are smaller, ranging from 10–15 mm long, with a wingspan of 25–30 mm. They have gray-brown scales, feathery antennae, and dark wavy patterns on their wings, along with a black spot on the hind wings.
Eggs: Oval in shape, measuring 0.8–1 mm in diameter, they start off gray-green and turn dark gray before hatching. The center of the egg becomes sunken when ready to hatch.
Larvae: The larvae go through five instars, molting four times. The first and fifth instars last about 10 days each, while the second to fourth instars take around 10 days. The first instar is 2 mm long, with a large black head and six white stripes. As they grow, their coloration changes, and their behavior becomes more active. By the fifth instar, the larvae reach up to 51 mm in length, with a mix of gray, yellow, and black vertical stripes, and black, round pores on their bodies.
Pupae: Spindle-shaped, measuring 16 mm for males and 17 mm for females. Initially red, they gradually change to a reddish-brown color as they mature.
Life Cycle and Habits: Chihuo Zao Yang completes one generation per year, with some individuals taking two years. The pupae overwinter in the soil, 3–15 cm deep, mainly near the base of the tree. Adults begin emerging in mid-March, with peak activity between late March and mid-April, and again from late May to early June. High temperatures increase emergence, while cloudy or rainy days reduce it. Female moths emerge first and wait on the soil surface, while males are attracted to light and search for mates in the evening. Eggs are laid in cracks on the tree bark, with each female laying 1,000–1,200 eggs over 10–25 days. The eggs hatch in mid-April, with peak hatching occurring between late April and early May.
The larvae are fast-moving and can spin silk. Young larvae often get trapped in silk threads, making it hard for buds to develop. As they grow, their feeding increases, causing more damage. When mature, the larvae burrow into the soil to overwinter. From mid-May to late June, all larvae complete this process.
Control Methods:
1. Prevent females from laying eggs on the tree by wrapping a 10 cm wide plastic film tape around the trunk, 10 cm above the ground. Secure it with staples and cover the edges with wet soil. Apply insecticide twice between late March and early April, using a mixture of butter, oil, and pesticide (e.g., cypermethrin). A grass rope loop under the tape can attract females, which should be removed and burned when eggs are about to hatch.
2. Dig up overwintering pupae in the fall or early spring, within 1 meter of the trunk, 3–10 cm deep, before mid-March.
3. Spray the tree to control both eggs and larvae. Most eggs need to hatch, and treatment should occur before the third instar. Use 2.5% deltamethrin diluted 6,000 times or 20% chlorpyrifos at 9,000 times. Other options include 75% phoxim emulsion (3,000 times), 90% trichlorfon (1,000 times), 50% dichlorvos (800–1,000 times), or 1,000 times cyprodinium.
4. Apply an ecdysone inhibitor like 20% Diflubenzuron suspension (5,000 times) during egg stages to prevent hatching and disrupt larval development.
Implementing these methods consistently can significantly reduce infestations, with many growers reporting up to 80–90% reduction in pest populations.
Disposable Piercing Guide - WPTC10
Product Description
Disposable surgical medical products refer to items used in surgical operations, which are discarded after one use. These products are used to maintain a sterile environment and prevent the spread of infection during surgery.
Some common disposable surgical medical products include:
1. Surgical masks: used to cover the mouth and nose of medical staff during operations to prevent the spread of germs.
2. Surgical gowns: Medical staff wear these to protect their clothing from contamination during surgery.
3. Surgical Gloves: Healthcare providers wear these gloves to protect their hands from contamination during surgery.
4. Surgical Drape: Used to cover the patient and create a sterile field around the surgical site.
5. Surgical needles: Used to suture incisions and wounds during surgery.
6. Scalpel blades: These are used to make incisions during surgery.
7. Surgical Forceps: Used to grasp and manipulate tissue during surgery.
8. Surgical catheters: These catheters are used to drain fluids from the body during surgery.
Overall, single-use surgical medical products are critical to maintaining a sterile environment and preventing the spread of infection during surgery.
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