Spray Operation Quality Inspection Method
The J1 range is suitable for the quality inspection of plant protection and micro-fertilizer spraying operations.
J2 testing tools include a calculator, 2-meter tape measure, and a 500 mL measuring cup.
J3 Inspection Method
J3.1 Spray Accuracy: When the first tank is sprayed, the error is calculated based on the area covered and the amount of spray used.
J3.2 Grass Killing Rate:
a) Take 3 to 5 points diagonally across the working area. Each point measures 1 to 2 m². Insert markers at the measuring points and record the number of weeds and pests for accurate documentation.
b) Based on the drug’s efficacy period, investigate the number of dead weeds and pests in the survey sites and calculate the grass and pest control rates.
1. Insecticide Rate Check Calculation Method:
a) Randomly select 3 to 5 points along the diagonal of the plot, each measuring 1 to 2 m².
b) Mark the test points before the operation and record the initial count of weeds (insects).
c) After the treatment, evaluate the number of dead weeds and calculate the weed kill rate using the formula:
m = 100% × (Hm / (Hm + Hn))
Where: m = grass killing rate (%), Hm = number of dead weeds, Hn = number of live weeds.
2. Insecticide Rate Check Calculation Method: Follow the same method as described above for weed control, and use the formula:
C = 100% × (Z1 / (Z1 + Z2))
Where: C = insecticidal rate (%), Z1 = number of dead pests, Z2 = number of live pests.
J3.3 Injury Rate: Test according to Appendix H3.3 of this standard. During the same inspection, check for seedling damage and overall harm.
Joint Harvesting Quality Inspection Method
The K1 range applies to the quality inspection of wheat, rice, and soybean harvesting using a combine harvester.
K2 Detection Tools: 2-meter tape, plastic sheet, balance, 50 cm steel ruler, and cloth bag.
K3 Detection Method
K3.1 Harvest Loss Rate:
a) Investigate natural losses by randomly selecting 3 to 5 points along the diagonal of the unharvested area. For wheat and rice, measure 1 m² per point; for soybeans, measure 2 m². Collect fallen grains and spikes, then calculate the loss per square meter.
b) Header Loss: Select 3 random points on the ground after cutting. Each point is 1 m long with a width equal to the machine’s working width. Collect and weigh the grains, then calculate the header loss rate using the formula:
E = W / SE
Where: E = natural loss (g/m²), W = grain weight, SE = area of the sample.
Q1 = Q / SE
Where: Q1 = header loss (g/m²), Q = total loss, SE = area.
P1 = (Q1 / H) × 100%
Where: P1 = header loss rate (%), H = measured output (g/m).
K3.2 Threshing Loss Rate:
a) Non-stem return method: Measure 10 cm ahead of the harvester and mark both ends. As the harvester moves forward, collect the grains from the sieve and grain outlet. Weigh the kernels and convert the result to 10 m². Calculate the net loss, stem bundle loss, and cleaning loss using the formulas:
S1 = (W1 / W4) × 100%
S2 = (W2 / W4) × 100%
S3 = (W3 / W4) × 100%
S = S1 + S2 + S3
Where: W1 = net loss, W2 = stem bundle loss, W3 = cleaning loss, W4 = total grain weight.
b) Stem Return Field Test: Draw a 2 m line ahead of the harvester, wider than the stalk throw width. Place the crop on a canvas. After the machine passes, collect the grains wrapped in the stems and weigh them. Subtract the natural and header losses, then calculate the threshing loss rate using:
P2 = (Q / H) × 100%
Where: P2 = threshing loss rate (%), Q = threshing loss, H = measured output.
K3.3 Comprehensive Loss Rate: Total loss = harvest loss + threshing loss.
K3.4 Grain Breakage Rate: Randomly sample 100 g of grain from the grain box, count the broken seeds, repeat three times, and calculate the average breakage rate.
K3.5 Grain Clean Rate: Randomly sample 100 g of grain, remove impurities, weigh, repeat three times, and calculate the average clean rate.
K3.6 Mud-Bean Ratio: Take 100 g of grain from the outlet, select soybeans with soil area ≥ 1/8, weigh, repeat three times, and calculate the mud-bean ratio.
Subsection Harvesting Operation Quality Inspection Method
L1 range is suitable for the quality inspection of wheat, rice, and soybean harvesting.
L2 detection tools are the same as Appendix K2 of this standard.
L3 Detection Method
L3.1 Placement: Select 5 to 7 points in the field to determine the angle between the harvested crop and the direction of harvesting, and calculate the average.
L3.2 Pickup Loss Rate: Select 3 points in the work area. After the pickup operation, take a 1 m length (equal to the cut width) at the pickup location, collect and weigh the grains, then calculate the pickup loss rate using the formula:
Q2 = Q3 / Bu
P2 = (Q2 / Q1) × 100%
Where: Q2 = pickup loss (g/m²), Q3 = grain loss in 1 m, Bu = cut width, Q1 = header loss.
L3.3 Threshing Loss Rate: Same as Appendix K3 of this standard.
Corn Harvesting Quality Inspection Method
M1 range is suitable for the quality inspection of corn harvesting and ear harvesting.
M2 detection tools are the same as Appendix K2 of this standard.
M3 Detection Method
M3.1 Ear Loss Rate: Randomly select 3 points in the plot, each 20 m long, with a width equal to the machine’s working width. Collect fallen ears, thresh them, and calculate the loss rate.
Ear loss rate calculation:
Sg = (WP / WS) × 100%
Where: Sg = ear loss rate (%), WP = lost grain weight, WS = actual production.
M3.2 Grain Loss Rate: Includes ground kernel loss and loss due to entrainment in the leaf band.
a) Falling grain loss: Combine with ear loss inspection, weigh the fallen seeds, and calculate the grain loss rate.
SL = (Wq / WS) × 100%
Where: SL = grain loss rate (%), Wq = landed grain weight.
b) Leaf band loss: Take eucalyptus leaves from the discharge port, pull out the grains, and calculate the loss rate.
Sb = (Wb / WS) × 100%
Where: Sb = leaf band loss rate (%), Wb = grain weight in the leaf band.
M3.3 Leaf Stripping Rate: When harvesting ears, pick 50 ears from the spike elevator exit and count the number of ears with more than 3 unpeeled leaves to calculate the stripping rate.
Cb = (Bw / Bs) × 100%
Where: Cb = one-time leaf stripping rate (%), Bw = unpeeled ears, Bs = total ears.
M3.4 Seed Fragmentation Rate: Sample 500 g of grain from the outlet using the cross-section method, remove broken grains, repeat three times, and calculate the fragmentation rate.
Test Method for Quality of Stems and Roots
N1 range is suitable for the quality inspection of wheat, corn stalk shredding, and sorghum crushing.
N2 Detection Tools: 50 cm steel ruler, 50 m tape measure.
N3 Detection Method
N3.1 Root Caries Clearance Rate: Randomly select 3 points in the root-shattered field, measure 100 strains per 2 lines. After the operation, count the number of uncleaned root pupae and calculate the clearance rate.
N3.2 Stalk Crushing Qualification Rate: After the operation, take 3 to 5 points along the block’s diagonal, measure 2 lines of 10 m each. Measure the broken stem length and width, collect those meeting standards, and calculate the ratio of broken stalks to total stalks using the formula:
N = (G / Q) × 100%
Where: N = breakage pass rate (%), G = weight of qualified broken stalks, Q = total stalk weight.
N3.3 Stalk Shredding Qualification Rate: Randomly sample 2.5 kg of wheat stalks or 5 kg of corn culms from the disperser, repeat 3 times, and calculate the pass rate using the same formula as N3.2.
N3.4 Destruction:
a) Select 3 random points during the cutting and returning process.
b) Insert markers on both sides of the measuring point, at the same height as the ridge.
c) After the operation, use the test line as a reference to measure the distance from the bottom of the tillage layer to the marker.
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