Crab breeding points

Crab farming ponds require specific conditions to ensure optimal growth and survival of the crabs. The location should have convenient transportation and a quiet environment, along with a stable and clean water supply. The water quality must be pollution-free, with efficient drainage and irrigation systems in place. The pond bottom should be properly shaped, with a slope ratio of 1:2.5 to 3, which helps maintain water levels and facilitates management. To prevent crabs from escaping, several types of barriers are commonly used, such as cement brick walls, calcium plastic fences, and polyethylene mesh. Among these, calcium plastic fences are most widely adopted. These composite plates are installed around the pond’s edge, embedded 20 cm into the ground and secured with wooden stakes every meter for stability. Before stocking crabs, the pond needs thorough cleaning and disinfection. Excess silt is removed, leaving about 10 cm of sediment. Limestone is spread across the pond at a rate of 200–250 kg per acre to improve water quality. After the disinfectant has taken effect, the pond is drained, cleaned, and refilled after 3–5 days to ensure a healthy environment for the crabs. Planting aquatic vegetation is essential in crab ponds. Water grass serves as both food and habitat for crabs, while also helping to purify the water. At least 70% of the pond area should be covered with plants like black algae, Vallisneria, and Elodea. These can be introduced through transplantation or seed sowing. Live snails are also important as natural bait. About 300–500 kg of live snails per acre are placed in the pond before stocking to provide a sustainable food source for the crabs. When selecting crab species, it's best to choose Chinese river crabs from the Yangtze River system that are uniform in size, free from disease, and show active movement. Proper stocking density is crucial—typically 500–600 crabs per acre. Stocking should occur between late February and March to avoid winter losses and ensure better survival rates. Crabs should be stocked at a size of 100–200 per kilogram, as larger or smaller sizes can affect growth and marketability. A temporary holding area is set up before final stocking, covering about 1/5 of the total pond area. Feeding should follow a scientific approach, using the "four determinations and four readings" method. Feedings are done twice daily, with the amount accounting for 3–4% of the crabs' body weight. In early stages, animal-based feeds like fish and snail meat are preferred, gradually transitioning to plant-based feeds like corn and soybean meal. During hot seasons, more vegetable-based feed is used, while in later stages, a mix of animal and plant-based feeds supports growth and weight gain. Water quality control is critical. The water depth should be maintained at 0.6–0.8 meters, increasing to 1–1.2 meters during high temperatures. Regular water changes, pH adjustments using lime, and the use of photosynthetic bacteria help maintain a balanced ecosystem. These practices reduce harmful substances and promote a healthier living environment for the crabs. Finally, harvesting typically occurs in October, depending on temperature and market demand. Cage fishing is the primary method used to catch the mature crabs efficiently.

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