Vaccination is a powerful strategy to stimulate an animal's immune system, enabling it to develop specific resistance and protect against infectious diseases. Planned immunization remains one of the most effective tools in preventing and controlling outbreaks among livestock and poultry. The choice of vaccination method depends on the pathogen's transmission route, invasiveness, and practicality. Common techniques include nasal drops, eye drops, oral administration, sprays, drinking water, and feed-based delivery. Each vaccine may have multiple application methods, but in practice, the selection often considers factors like ease of use, cost, and the developmental stage of the animals. Improper vaccination methods can lead to immunization failure, adverse reactions, or even disease outbreaks. Therefore, it's essential to choose the right vaccine and method based on farm conditions to achieve optimal immunity. Among various methods, drinking water immunization is widely used due to its convenience and efficiency. However, many farmers still lack a full understanding of the proper procedures, which limits the effectiveness of this technique. To maximize the success of drinking water vaccination, several key principles should be followed: First, thoroughly clean the water system and drinkers before immunization, avoiding the use of detergents or disinfectants that could harm the vaccine. Two to three days before and after vaccination, adding vitamin electrolytes like Vibo 100 to the water can help reduce stress. Also, mixing the vaccine with 0.3% to 0.5% non-fat dry milk or a special protectant like Rippo’s “Zhengbo” helps neutralize heavy metals in the water that might inactivate the vaccine. Use deep well water or boiled water for immunization. Avoid tap water containing chlorine or other ions that can destroy the vaccine. If using tap water, boil it for 3–5 minutes and let it sit overnight before use. To ensure all birds drink the vaccine, withhold water for 2–4 hours (depending on the season) before immunization. In summer, this period is shorter (1–3 hours), while in winter, it may extend to 3–4 hours. It's best to administer vaccines in the morning to minimize environmental stress from temperature and sunlight. Ensure enough drinking fountains are available, and place them strategically so every bird can access the vaccine. If there aren't enough fountains, divide the flock into batches to prevent vaccine degradation over time. The vaccine dose should not be too high—typically 2–4 times the standard dose—to avoid overconsumption by some birds. The diluted vaccine solution should be appropriate, depending on the age, size, and ambient temperature. It should be consumed within 1.5 to 2 hours. For reference, the average water consumption per bird is about 10–25 ml for 7–14-day-old chickens, 35–45 ml for 19–25-day-olds, and 50–60 ml for those over 50 days. To determine the exact amount needed, monitor water intake during the same time period after determining the vaccination age, then calculate the average. When preparing the vaccine, mix it in clean water using a wooden stick or glass rod. Add the vaccine quickly to the drinkers and encourage birds to drink as much as possible. For large flocks, consider partial vaccination: dissolve two-thirds of the vaccine in two-thirds of the water, let the birds drink, then add the remaining third. This approach helps manage the process more effectively. However, ensure sufficient water availability to allow at least two-thirds of the flock to drink simultaneously. Once diluted, the vaccine should be kept away from direct sunlight. After the birds finish drinking, it's ideal to add feed one hour later to improve vaccine absorption. Avoid disinfection or administering antibiotics two days before and three days after vaccination. Use only non-metallic, non-toxic containers like plastic or enamel buckets for the vaccine water. Finally, make sure no other water sources are available until the vaccine has been fully consumed. Following these steps ensures a successful and safe drinking water immunization process.

Natural Extracts

What is Natural Extracts?

Natural extracts are biologically active compounds or mixtures extracted from various plants and animals or microorganisms in nature. These extracts contain a wealth of chemicals, Such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides, volatile oils, collagen, proteins, peptides, enzymes, antibodies, antibiotics, Amino Acids, nucleic acids, enzymes, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, resins, colloids, lignin, vitamins, fats, oils, waxes, alkaloids, volatile oils, flavonoids, glycosides, phenylpropanoids, organic acids, phenols, quinones, steroids And antibiotics, etc.
Natural extracts have received attention in several fields due to their wide range of sources and potential multiple uses. They can be used in the pharmaceutical industry as ingredients in medicines or health supplements; In the cosmetic industry, as a functional or active ingredient to improve skin health; In the food industry, as an additive or flavoring agent to increase the nutritional value and taste of food; In addition, they have different applications in the fields of agriculture, environmental protection and scientific research.
Extraction methods include solvent extraction method, ultrasonic extraction method, microwave extraction method, enzyme extraction method, supercritical fluid extraction method and microwave assisted extraction method, etc. The choice of which method usually depends on the nature of the substance to be extracted and the target requirements of the final product. With the development of technology, the extraction process is continuously optimized to improve extraction efficiency, reduce environmental impact and maintain the biological activity of the extract.

Natural Extracts, Chinese herb extract, plant P.E., Herb extract

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