In recent years, the price of mink has steadily increased. In early November 2006, the market price for Luzhou medicinal herbs was 190 yuan for Qingshui and 150 yuan for brine products. Local merchants have become increasingly concerned about this particular species. The sharp decline in wild otter populations has created a more promising market for farmed otters.
First, selecting an appropriate site for the breeding pool is crucial. It should be located in an area with good drainage and irrigation systems, and ideally offer some shade from the sun. The pool's base should be 3 to 5 meters wide, with a water depth of around 1 meter. Its length can vary depending on the terrain but is typically over 50 meters. A 1-meter-wide platform made of loose, sandy soil rich in organic matter is built around the pool, helping to create natural burrows. The platform should be slightly above the water level—about 10 to 20 cm—and kept moist. The pool must also have proper inlets and outlets.
The breeding setup usually includes one-year-old larvae, two-year-old oysters, three-year-old oysters, and four-year-old oysters. The pool should be filled with vegetation and algae. Every 2 meters, tiles are stacked from the bottom up to the platform, forming a pair of poles. These structures provide shelter from high temperatures and strong sunlight.
To prevent escape, the top of the pool should be sloped. A white nylon net with larger holes can be used. Metal plates, steel bars, or bamboo poles can serve as supports. A thin wire is fixed across the bent part of the support and runs along the edge of the pool. Anti-escape nets are placed from the outside inward, with the end hanging down 25 cm—20 cm fixed under the bend and 5 cm free to sag. This technique effectively prevents leeches from escaping and is a key aspect of the breeding process.
Next, choosing the right stock is essential. It’s best to purchase seedlings from specialized farms or to capture wild individuals that have been domesticated. Artificial capture is most effective in the early morning or late evening, using hands or nets. Alternatively, tiles or bamboo drums can be placed to trap them, or large fishing nets can be used. Selecting healthy, active, and robust individuals weighing around 20–30 grams per unit is ideal. A density of 450 kg per hectare is typically recommended. During the breeding season, weaker individuals should be culled.
Feeding involves providing snails and river clams as primary food sources. Initially, snails should be added at 2–3 times the weight of the seedlings. Every 30–45 days, additional feed is required. The amount of snails should be based on their shell-to-body ratio, which should be 4–6 times the weight of the mink. Snail breeding aligns with the mink’s growth period, and smaller snails may be consumed by younger minks. Too many snails at once can lead to competition. Dead snails floating on the surface should be removed promptly.
Water quality is important, though mink can tolerate some variation. The ideal temperature range is 20–30°C. Below 10°C, feeding stops, and excessive heat can also affect growth. While they can survive in dirty water, maintaining cleanliness is crucial in high-density breeding environments to ensure adequate dissolved oxygen. From July to August, when temperatures rise, regular water changes are necessary.
During spawning, the environment should remain calm to avoid stress. Eggs should not be disturbed, and the platform should stay moist, covered with aquatic plants. If overflow occurs during rain, the water level should not cover the platform, keeping a gap of about 3 cm. After hatching, young leeches rely on yolk sacs for a few days before beginning to feed. They primarily consume fluids from river clams and snails, creating small blisters inside them. Growth is rapid, with an average increase of over 15 mm within half a month.
In early July, it’s common to divide the pool, moving the breeding stock to a separate pond for better management. The density should be controlled at 70–100 individuals per square meter.
As temperatures drop below 10°C, mink stop feeding and either burrow into the soil or hide in leaves. Only large, healthy individuals should be selected for winter storage. A density of 375–450 kg per hectare is typical. They should be moved to the breeding pond for the winter. Covering the pool surface with rice straw, wheat straw, or fallen leaves helps protect against freezing and keeps the soil moist.
Before introducing seedlings, the pond should be thoroughly cleaned with lime to remove unwanted species like shrimp, crabs, and other fish. Water filtration is also important. Additionally, measures should be taken to prevent predators such as mice, frogs, and fleas.
Disease prevention is critical. Before introducing oysters, the water can be disinfected with trichloroisocyanuric acid (0.2–0.25 g/m³) or sodium dichloroisocyanurate (0.2–0.25 g/m³). During summer, furazolidone (0.2–0.4 g/m³) and iodophor (50 g/m³) can be used regularly to prevent bacterial infections.
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