Pond Culture
(1) The conditions and requirements for aquaculture ponds are crucial for successful fish farming. Adult ponds should ideally be between 5 to 10 mu in size, though a smaller area of 3 to 5 mu is also acceptable. The water depth should range from 1.5 to 2.5 meters, with sandy loam soil being the best choice. Water quality parameters must be maintained at optimal levels: dissolved oxygen should not fall below 6.5 mg/L, ammonia concentration should remain under 0.3 mg/L, and the pH level should be between 7.5 and 8.5. These conditions ensure a healthy environment for fish growth and development.
(2) Before stocking, it's important to properly prepare the pond. This includes sterilizing the pond and refilling it according to standard marine aquaculture practices. A few days before planting, new water should be fertilized to promote the growth of natural food sources. It’s also common to pre-drain the pond to a depth of 70-80 cm, which helps raise the water temperature more quickly and creates a favorable environment for the fish.
(3) Fish stocking specifications and density play a key role in maximizing yield. The ideal size for stocked fish is usually between 1.9g and 4.3g in weight. The recommended stocking density is approximately 1,500 fish per mu. This ensures that the fish have enough space and resources to grow without overcrowding.
(4) During the cultivation period, consistent management is essential. Regular inspections of the pond help monitor water quality and detect any issues early on. If problems arise, immediate action must be taken to correct them. Feeding should be done carefully—typically 2% to 5% of the fish’s body weight per day, divided into two meals. One feeding should occur in the morning between 8-9 AM, and another in the afternoon between 3-4 PM. It's important to feed regularly, consistently, and in measured quantities. Maintaining a stable water level around 2 meters and performing a 20% daily water exchange helps keep the pond clean and healthy. Additionally, maintaining good hygiene by removing pond weeds, macroalgae, and leftover feed is vital. Regular use of medication can prevent diseases, and any signs of illness should be addressed promptly. Keeping detailed records of all activities is also an important part of effective pond management.
Cage Culture
(1) Stocking specifications and density vary depending on the stage of fish growth. In redfish cage culture, there are typically two main stages: the mid-cultivation phase for seedlings and the growing phase. For the mid-cultivation stage, it's best to start with fish that are about 2.5 cm in length. At a water temperature of 23-28°C, these fish can grow to around 6 cm within 30-40 days. The maximum stocking density during this phase is 1,500 fish per cubic meter. In the growing phase, fish measuring 6 cm in length should be stocked at a density of 60-100 per cubic meter, with a preferred range of 20-30 per cubic meter to allow for proper growth.
(2) Daily cage management is critical for the success of cage culture. Regular safety checks should be performed to prevent fish from escaping. It's important to maintain detailed records of feeding activities, including fish behavior, feeding patterns, water temperature, salinity, fish mortality, weather changes, and fish growth, which should be measured every 10-15 days. Any damage to the cages should be repaired promptly to ensure the safety of the fish.
(3) Removing attachments from the cages is an important task. Common attachments include algae, bryozoans, sponges, ascidians, and sediment. These can be removed manually or more efficiently using high-pressure water guns or submersible pumps. It’s important to clean the cages thoroughly, as buildup can reduce water flow and affect fish health. Changing the cage is not always necessary if the attachments are properly removed.
Feeding
There are two main types of feed used in aquaculture: small trash fish and compound feed. When using small trash fish, freshness is essential to ensure the fish receive adequate nutrition. The daily feeding amount should be 2-5% of the fish’s body weight, and it’s recommended to feed twice a day—once in the morning and once in the afternoon. Consistent feeding schedules and portion control are key to maintaining the health and growth of the fish.
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