Cherry trees are typically tall and not well-suited for greenhouse cultivation. It takes about five to six years for them to bear fruit, and it may take up to ten years before they reach their high-yield phase, which means a long return on investment. Additionally, the management of these trees can be costly and labor-intensive.
Through years of research, Chinese fruit tree experts have developed a grafting technique using cherry as the base and FL-80 plum as the interstock. This method results in early fruiting, higher yields, stable production, disease resistance, and dwarf growth, making it more efficient and manageable. The use of protected and container cultivation has further enhanced the potential of dwarf cherries.
Dwarf cherry varieties offer several advantages. First, they flower and bear fruit in the same year they are planted, with over 95% of plants producing fruit by the second year. This is three to five years earlier than traditional Qiaohua cherries. By the fourth year, they enter a semi-high yield period, and by the fifth year, yields can reach up to 2,000 kg per mu (667 square meters). These trees are easy to bloom, have a high fruit set rate, and produce consistently.
Second, the trees are short and compact, with a height of less than 2.5 meters. This makes pruning, spraying, and harvesting much easier. Without the need for paclobutrazol, there is a reduced risk of tree damage or death, making them ideal for dense planting.
Third, the hairy cherry root system improves root development, enhances cold and drought tolerance, and resists waterlogging. These trees are also resistant to root cancer and do not require strict soil pH conditions, allowing for broader cultivation areas.
Fourth, the quality of the fruit is improved, addressing issues related to poor quality in dwarf seedling cultivation. With no need for paclobutrazol, the flavor of the fruit is significantly better, and sugar content increases by about 1% compared to Qiaohua cherries.
In terms of dwarf cherry seedling cultivation, selecting the right rootstock is crucial. Wild cherry rootstock is preferred due to its strong resistance to underground pests, cold, drought, acid and alkali, fertilizer damage, and root injury. Wild apricot and wild peach rootstocks can also be used, though they are less resilient and only suitable for specific conditions. These rootstocks are superior to local varieties like Shandong Cao Ying and Da Qing Ye, solving the problem of tree death caused by weak root systems.
Grafting is typically done in spring, where cherry seeds are sown and then grafted with hairy cherry as the base anvil from August to September. After about 6 to 7 months, the anvil is cut at the upper end, and buds are removed. New rootstocks are regularly pruned. In June to July of the following year, cherry stalks are grafted onto the anvil using budding. The grafting site should be 2 to 3 cm above the joint, and the intermediate anvil is kept while the rest is removed. Once the buds grow to 14 to 16 cm, the anvil is cut and tied off. At this point, the dwarf cherry seedlings are ready, and fertilization and pesticide application continue until they are ready for transplanting in early November.
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