Cherry trees are typically tall and not well-suited for greenhouse cultivation. They require five to six years before they start bearing fruit, and it takes about ten years to reach peak production, resulting in a long return on investment. Additionally, the management costs associated with traditional cherry farming can be quite high.
Through extensive research, Chinese fruit tree experts have developed a grafting technique using wild cherry as the rootstock and FL-80 plum as the interstock. This method produces dwarf cherry varieties that offer early fruiting, high and stable yields, disease resistance, and a more compact tree structure. These characteristics make them ideal for protected cultivation and container growing.
The advantages of dwarf cherries include:
1. They flower and bear fruit in the same year they are planted, with over 95% of plants producing fruit in the second year. This allows for harvests three to five years earlier than traditional Qiaohua cherries. By the fourth year, they enter a semi-high yield phase, and by the fifth year, yields can reach up to 2,000 kg per 667 square meters. These trees are easy to bloom, have a high fruit set rate, and produce very stable results.
2. The trees are short and compact, with a height under 2.5 meters, making pruning, spraying, and harvesting much easier. Without the need for paclobutrazol, there is less risk of tree damage or death, making them suitable for dense planting.
3. The hairy cherry root system enhances root development, improves cold and drought tolerance, and resists waterlogging. It also has a broad pH tolerance and strong resistance to root cancer, allowing for expanded cultivation areas.
4. The fruit quality is improved, addressing issues of poor quality in conventional dwarf seedling systems. Without paclobutrazol, the flavor is significantly enhanced, with a 1% increase in sugar content compared to Qiaohua cherries.
For dwarf cherry seedling cultivation:
1. Rootstock selection is crucial. Wild cherry rootstocks are preferred due to their resistance to underground pests, strong cold tolerance, drought resistance, and ability to withstand acid and alkaline soils. Wild apricot and wild peach roots can also be used, though they are less resilient and only suitable for certain conditions. These rootstocks outperform local varieties like Shandong Cao Ying and Da Qing Ye, solving the problem of high tree mortality caused by weak root systems.
2. Seedlings are grafted in spring after sowing wild cherry seeds. In August or September, hairy cherry is used as the base stock, and grafting is done at the same age. A 4 cm length is ideal for budding. After 6–7 months, from March to April of the following year, the anvil is cut 0.5–1 cm above the graft joint, and new shoots are removed. From June to July, cherry scions with similar thickness to the middle anvil are grafted using bud grafting. The graft site should be 2–3 cm from the top of the joint, with some middle anvil left intact. When the cherry buds grow to 14–16 cm, the anvil is cut above the junction, and the graft is tied off 0.5–1.5 cm above the union. Once this process is complete, fertilization and pest control continue until the seedlings are ready for transplanting in early November.
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