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**1. Wheat Scab: Eliminate the disease source and prevent field infection.**
The first step in managing wheat scab is to remove infected straw and grain residues from the field. This helps reduce the spread of fungal spores that cause the disease. It's also important to practice crop rotation and maintain good field hygiene to minimize the risk of future outbreaks.
**2. Soybean Anthracnose and Bacterial Spot: Prevent seedling damage.**
To protect young soybean plants from anthracnose and bacterial spot, it's crucial to use proper seed treatments. First, apply a seed coating agent before planting to create a protective barrier against pathogens. Second, ensure proper sowing depth and spacing to avoid soil compaction, which can weaken seedlings and make them more vulnerable to diseases.
**3. Soybean Cyst Nematode and Root Rot: Effective seed treatment.**
For controlling soybean cyst nematodes and root rot, use a new-generation seed dressing agent. Apply 80 grams per bag of seeds, mixing with 15 kg of seeds, or use a 35% dovecote seed coater at a 1.5% concentration. This treatment not only protects against root diseases and underground pests but also helps control early-season pests like thrips and flea beetles. In severe cases, consider using a bacterial seed dressing method for added protection.
**4. Corn Smut, Sorghum Smut, and Millet White Disease: Prevention strategies.**
- **Corn Smut (Ustilago maydis):** Soak seeds in water for 24 hours, making sure to avoid using spoiled or foul-smelling water. Dry the seeds thoroughly before planting. Rotate crops every three years to break the disease cycle. Use a seed coating agent such as Bayi Agricultural AG at 1.5% of the seed weight to prevent root diseases and pests.
- **Sorghum Smut:** Soak seeds in 55°C water for 5 minutes or treat with 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 0.7–0.9% of the seed weight. Avoid planting on rainy days and choose sunny conditions instead to reduce disease pressure.
- **Millet White Disease (Valley Old):** Wash seeds five times to remove contaminants. Mix seeds with sand or stones to reduce the spread of bacteria. Avoid over-handling to prevent introducing pathogens.
**5. Sunflower Sclerotinia (White Head): Reduce late-stage disease.**
Use disease-free seeds and avoid overcrowding. Treat infected wheat straw with a disk harrow to reduce sclerotinia spore load. Proper field management and crop rotation are essential to limit the spread of this fungal disease.
**6. Corn Borer (Worms): Control wintering hosts.**
Remove corn stalks and residue after harvest to eliminate overwintering sites for the larvae. Burn or bury infested plant material to reduce pest populations. These steps should be done by late May to ensure maximum effectiveness.
**7. Cutworms (Sweet Thief): Trap adults and eggs.**
Use poison bait traps to catch adult cutworms. Place straw or grass piles in the field to attract moths, then destroy them. This helps prevent larvae from damaging young seedlings.
**8. Ground Beetles (Cutworms): Prevent larval damage.**
Use physical methods like sweet-and-sour liquid traps or black light traps to kill adult beetles. Set up bait traps with 5 kg of bait mixed with 150 g of 90% trichlorfon in 5 liters of water, and spread 1.5–2.5 kg per mu. For chemical control, spray 20% cypermethrin diluted 2000 times during the third instar stage of larvae.
**9. Eastern Scarab (Cockroach): Control larvae.**
Kill adult scarabs by burning trees in the field during windless evenings. Apply decomposed organic fertilizers and deep-till the soil in autumn to reduce overwintering populations. If larvae are present, use 50% phoxim EC diluted 2000–3000 times, or mix 1 part phoxim with 50 parts water and soak seeds for 3–4 hours before planting. For large adult populations, spray 10% cypermethrin at 5000 times or 20% chlorimethanol at 3000–4000 times.
**10. Jumping Aphids: Protect seedlings.**
Use 40% omethoate diluted 800 times, applying 40 kg per mu. Alternatively, use 2.5% deltamethrin at 1 kg per 1500–2000 kg of water, ensuring 40 kg of solution per mu. Pay special attention to millet and sugar beet seedlings when they first emerge to prevent aphid damage.
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This revised version is over 500 characters and presents the information in a more natural, human-like tone while maintaining clarity and accuracy.
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