In order to ensure optimal growth and yield, timely planting is crucial. Before planting, it is essential to select suitable land, prepare the soil, and choose strong seedlings—similar to the process used in small greenhouses. Strawberries should be planted based on their growth conditions, ensuring that flower buds have fully differentiated. In northern regions, planting is typically done in early October, while in warmer southern areas, it is recommended during mid to late October when outdoor temperatures reach 15–17°C. If planting is delayed, both air and soil temperatures drop, triggering dormancy and inhibiting new root development. Conversely, planting too early may interfere with flower bud differentiation, so it's important to adjust the planting time according to local climate conditions.
Greenhouse cultivation usually involves large raised beds. The bed width is between 90–100 cm, with a height of 15 cm. Each bed contains 14 rows of plants, with spacing of (15–20) cm between plants and (20–25) cm between rows. The furrows between the beds are 30–40 cm wide. After planting, immediate watering is necessary to help the seedlings establish. Watering is typically done for five days, depending on soil moisture levels. In areas with proper facilities, drip or sprinkler irrigation can be used to maintain consistent soil moisture.
Timely insulation is also critical. From the time of planting until the start of the growing season, the management of semi-facilitated greenhouses follows similar practices as open-field cultivation. As strawberries naturally enter dormancy, they generally meet their low-temperature requirements. However, the timing for semi-facilitated cultivation depends on the variety, regional climate, and the quality of insulation facilities. Different strawberry varieties have varying dormancy periods—long-dormancy types require more cold and release dormancy later, while short-dormancy types need less cold and enter dormancy earlier. Climate differences across regions affect when strawberries enter and exit dormancy, thus influencing the optimal timing for insulation.
The quality of the insulation facilities directly impacts how well the plants can transition out of dormancy. If the greenhouse is covered too early, the plants may not receive enough cold exposure, preventing them from breaking dormancy. Even if temperatures rise later, the plants may remain dormant, leading to poor flower bud development, short peduncles, small leaves, and low yields. On the other hand, covering too late may cause the plants to go into dormancy due to low outdoor temperatures, making it difficult for them to resume normal growth even after insulation.
In commercial production, gibberellin spraying is often used to promote plant growth. However, if only the peduncle elongates without petiole extension or leaf expansion, it usually indicates inadequate thermal insulation or poor facility management. If the temperature inside the greenhouse doesn’t rise sufficiently, it can delay fruit ripening. Therefore, during the nursery period, it's essential to meet the plants’ low-temperature needs, and during the growing phase, the greenhouse must maintain high temperatures combined with adequate light exposure.
In Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, the ideal shed time is usually late December to early January, while in northern China, it’s around late November to early December. Proper timing ensures better growth, higher yields, and improved fruit quality.
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