1. Timely planting is crucial for successful strawberry cultivation. Before planting, it's important to select suitable land, prepare the soil, and use strong seedlings. The process is similar to that used in small sheds. Strawberries should be planted based on their growth conditions, ensuring that flower buds have fully differentiated. In northern regions, planting typically takes place in early October, while in warmer southern areas, it is done in mid to late October when outdoor temperatures reach 15 to 17°C. If planting is delayed, both air and soil temperatures drop, triggering dormancy and inhibiting new root growth. On the other hand, planting too early can interfere with flower bud differentiation. Therefore, it's essential to choose the right time based on local climate conditions. Greenhouse cultivation usually involves large raised beds, with a bed width of 90–100 cm, a height of 15 cm, and 14 rows per bed. The plant spacing is (15–20) cm between plants and (20–25) cm between rows, with furrows 30–40 cm wide. After planting, watering is necessary to help the seedlings establish. Watering is usually done for 5 days, depending on soil moisture. In areas with proper facilities, drip or sprinkler irrigation can be used to maintain consistent soil moisture.
2. Timely insulation is also critical during the planting period until the incubation stage. The management methods for semi-facilitated greenhouse cultivation are similar to those used in open-field farming. As strawberries naturally go into dormancy, they generally meet their low-temperature requirements. However, the optimal time for semi-facilitated cultivation depends on the insulation performance of different varieties, regional climates, and the quality of the facilities. Different strawberry varieties have varying dormancy periods. Long-dormancy varieties require more cold and take longer to break dormancy, while short-dormancy types need less cold and enter dormancy earlier. Climate differences across regions affect the timing of dormancy and its release, which in turn influences the ideal planting window. The quality of the insulation facilities directly impacts the effectiveness of the process. If the shelter is applied too early, the plants may not meet their low-temperature needs, and dormancy won't be properly completed. Even if the temperature becomes suitable later, the plants might remain dormant, resulting in poor flower development, short peduncles, small leaves, and low yields. If the shelter is delayed, the plants may enter dormancy due to low outdoor temperatures, making it difficult for them to resume normal growth even after insulation.
In production, gibberellin spraying is often used to promote growth, but sometimes only the peduncle elongates while the petioles don’t, and the leaves don’t spread. This usually indicates inadequate insulation or poor facility management. If the temperature inside the shed doesn’t rise sufficiently, it can delay fruit ripening. Therefore, during the nursery phase, it's essential to ensure the plants receive enough low temperatures, and during the growth period, the greenhouse must maintain high temperatures combined with adequate light. In Jiangsu and Zhejiang, the ideal shelter time is late December to early January, while in northern China, it’s late November to early December.
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