Guizhou is the third-largest province in China for the production of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. It has been designated by the Ministry of Science and Technology as a national base for the modernization of science and technology in the field of TCM. Traditional Chinese medicine plays a vital role in the province's economy, and Yinjiang has become one of the first designated bases for herbal medicine production. Recognizing the rich natural resources of wild Gastrodia in Yinjiang, efforts have been made to convert this abundance into economic benefits. To achieve this, the method of "promoting sowing techniques for Gastrodia seeds" introduced by Professor Xu Jintang from the Chinese Academy of Sciences was adopted. Zeng Jiyong's family took part in cultivating indoor seedlings and successfully carried out pollination. Here is a detailed summary of their process:
First, materials and methods.
1. Material selection: The selected species was "Jianma" wild Gastrodia from the Fanjing Mountains. Other materials included wooden (paper) boxes, river sand, germination bacteria, disinfectant, gardenia, fungus sticks, and plastic bags.
2. Seed production methods: In mid-March 2002, 645 high-quality wild Gastrodia plants were planted indoors in disinfected river sand within boxes measuring 4.0 meters long, 4.0 meters wide, and 0.2 meters thick. The planting area was 25 square centimeters per plant. After 30 days of dormancy, the plants were unearthed after 20 days, showing growth of stems and buds. Flowers bloomed, and cross-pollination was performed between 9 am and 5 pm following standard procedures. Once the seeds matured, they were sown immediately, as Gastrodia seeds lack endosperm for storage. Each batch was sown with 0.5 kg of germination bacteria.
Second, results and analysis.
1. Seed production outcome: A total of 645 Gastrodia plants were planted, resulting in 613 live plants being harvested, achieving a success rate of 95%. A total of 31,900 pods were collected, weighing 4,060 grams. On average, each plant produced 52 pods, with an average weight of 6.6 grams per plant.
2. Outdoor cultivation results: On November 23, three random samples of sown seeds were observed. The results showed that the rice plants grew well and exhibited strong vitality.
Third, summary and discussion.
1. The successful sexual reproduction of wild Gastrodia and the establishment of a seedling base have resolved issues such as variety degradation, low gastrodin content, poor quality, and declining yields in vegetative propagation. This has significantly improved the market competitiveness of Gastrodia elata.
2. Using wild Tianma for sexual reproduction and cultivating it leads to better quality, aligning with industrial standards for TCM. This accelerates the pace of industrialization and highlights the unique local characteristics of the product, promoting economic growth.
3. Establishing a Tianma base meets the growing demand for commercial seed production and stimulates development in surrounding areas.
4. Gastrodia cultivation offers advantages such as not requiring arable land, a short production cycle, quick returns, simple methods, low investment, and high economic returns. It is an effective strategy for rural poverty alleviation and economic prosperity.
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