The leaves showed signs of infection, starting with pale green spots that appeared water-soaked. Over time, these spots turned brown and developed a light gray center. In some cases, the fruit stems were also affected, displaying irregular brown spots that became dry as the disease progressed. When the fruit was infected, yellowish-brown round or irregular spots first appeared, often in a water-soaked condition. The surface of the lesions featured raised concentric rings, and numerous black dots formed within them. When the fruit's skin was wet, the lesions oozed a red, viscous substance. The infected areas on the fruit tended to shrink and become thin, with some lesions cracking open.
To prevent and manage the disease effectively, it is important to take a comprehensive approach. Before planting, seeds should be pre-soaked in cold water for 1-2 hours, then immersed in warm water at 55°C for 10 minutes. Afterward, they should be cooled in cold water and allowed to germinate before sowing. Infected leaves, fruits, and plant debris should be removed promptly to reduce the spread of the pathogen. Practicing crop rotation with non-related vegetable crops for 2-3 years can also help break the disease cycle.
In the early stages of infection, chemical control measures are recommended. A 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder can be applied at a dilution of 800 times, or a 70% formulation can be used at 500-600 times. Spraying should be done every 7-10 days, with a total of 2-3 applications depending on the severity of the infection. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and ensure proper coverage for maximum effectiveness.
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