Dyeing function
Although dyes that can dye red in ancient times may also contain valerian, they may require more complicated mordanting procedures, while safflower is dyed “true red†and can be dyed directly on fibers. Therefore, it is occupied by red dyes. Very important position. Red was a popular color during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Li's verse in the Tang Dynasty included the safflower color that masks thousands of flowers, and whether the blood was taken by the orangutans did not give a vivid overview of the extraordinary effects of red flowers. According to modern scientific analysis, safflower contains yellow and red pigments, yellow pigment is soluble in water and acidic solution, has no dye value in ancient times, and is often used as a safe additive for food pigments in modern times, while red pigment is easily dissolved in alkali. Aqueous solutions can form precipitates in neutral or weakly acidic solutions and form bright red lakes that deposit on fibers to obtain red clothes with a certain degree of fastness.
The process of red dye used by the ancients to make red dyes is as follows: After the safflowers with dew are taken back, they are immersed in fresh water after being “pulled†into pulp. Under neutral conditions, the yellow pigment is dissolved and the yellow pigment (ie, yellow juice) is twisted off with a cloth bag. In this way, most of the remaining flowers are already red pigments. After that, the remaining yellow pigment is further removed by washing with acid juice such as sour millet or rice water, to obtain a red flower-containing cake. This method of extracting saffron pigments was called by the ancients as the "killing flower method." This method was already transmitted to Japan and other countries during the Sui and Tang dynasties. If you want to use safflower for a long time, you only need to cover it with Artemisia annua (with antibacterial effect) overnight, pinch it into a pancake shape, and dry it again to make “safflower cake†stored. When it is used, it only needs to be clarified several times with alkaline water or straw ash, and the red pigment is dissolved out, so that it can be dyed. The final treatment with ebony sour water is equivalent to fixation, and the formation of red lakes ends. "Safflower cake" was popularized after the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
In addition, safflorin was immersed in starch in ancient times, and rouge can also be used.
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