In recent days, vegetable growers have reported that empty fruits occur in low temperature seasons. According to meteorological department forecasts, cold and rainy weather this autumn and winter will be dominated by wet and cold weather, which is extremely detrimental to the growth of various vegetables. In particular, the production of tomatoes may have a large number of empty fruits. It is hoped that relevant experts of Shandong Vegetable Weekly will put forward some reasonable suggestions. Here, the author's invitation to Zhang Huaichun in Daotian Town, Shouguang City is summarized as follows.
According to the survey, the direct cause of “hollow fruit†in the fall and winter season is due to the lowering of the temperature of the irrigation water in the greenhouse. Under low temperature conditions, the roots of the tomatoes are cold-shrunk, the vitality of the roots is reduced, and the water absorption is poor.
In the large period, in the absence of a short supply of water in the short term, it is prone to a partial phenomenon of meat loss in the fruit. Therefore, the temperature of tomato watering in greenhouses in late autumn and winter must be increased by 10°C or more. Temporary storage of water can be used in the corner of the greenhouse to facilitate warming.
To strengthen lighting management. In the middle and late stages of growth, appropriate snoring and picking leaves should be used to enhance light and promote ventilation. It is usually the result that after the fruit on the branch is picked, the side branches below it are to be promptly knocked out to ensure the nutrient supply of the fruit setting branches, and the leaves under the result branches are all removed. The leaves on the ear cannot be removed to ensure that the upper layer of fruit develops well. If there is not enough light, artificial lighting can be added.
Strengthen temperature management. At this time, the temperature during the day is controlled at about 25 to 30°C, and the temperature at night is 15 to 20°C to prevent the seedlings from growing. Tomatoes are sensitive to temperature during flowering, especially 5 days before flowering and 3 days after flowering. Less than 15°C or higher than 30°C is not conducive to flowering and pollination. In the result period, the temperature is controlled at about 25°C during the day and about 15°C at night.
Reasonably moisture management. Under the premise of ensuring normal growth, water control is the main method. Before flowering, the moisture content is kept at moderate humidity, and the soil moisture content is 65 to 75%. During the result period, the soil should be kept moist and the soil moisture content should be between 75 and 85%. Generally when the tomato grows to the size of the walnut, it begins to water and fertilize, and organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer can be applied along with the water. Later, depending on the growing condition of the plants and the weather conditions, pick one tomato and pour the fertilizer.
Rational fertilization application. To supplement a large number of elements, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly composed of nitrogen and potassium, and coordinate the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the plants. Basal fertilizer is generally applied at a rate of 4,000 kg per hectare of compost pile fertilizer, 40 kg of compound fertilizer, and 30 kg of superphosphate. Top dressing should be applied thinly before fruit setting, re-applied after fruiting, and top-dressing.
Reasonably apply hormones. When flowering results, it is necessary to increase the ability to pollinate and fertilize as much as possible so as to form seeds, and artificial pollination can be carried out conditionally. On the day of flowering or 1 to 2 days before and after flowering, generally 15 to 20 mg/kg of anti-dropping agent is sprayed according to temperature conditions to prevent fruit drop.
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