Looking at the summer and autumn of 2006, in most parts of the country, a direct high temperature and little rain weather continues to affect people's lives and production, especially the production of edible fungi. The cultivation of edible fungi is affected by high temperatures, and some of the bacteria grow up at high temperatures and go out of their way. Many farmers have caused devastating blows because of their neglect of prevention and control. Now the requirements of the friends of Mushok farmers, in this focus on the occurrence of Fusarium mold causes and preventive measures, and strive to make more Mushroom farmers value their dangers and early prevention and treatment.
1, hazardous: Fusarium mildew, also known as wet bubble disease, white rot. It belongs to a kind of fungus that not only harms mushrooms, but also harms most of edible fungi such as straw mushroom, oyster mushroom, shiitake mushroom, white fungus, and ganoderma lucidum. It is said by experts in the field of bacteria that the second largest contaminating bacteria in addition to Trichoderma besides the cultivation of edible fungi is extremely stubborn and difficult to eradicate. If it is not effectively controlled, it will be planted year after year, recurring year after year, and lighter people will reduce production by more than 40%. In severe cases, it can cause a mushroom shed!
2. Typical symptoms: After a long-term study, it was found that the pathogen only infects fruiting bodies without invading the mycelium. Mushrooms need to be infected for at least 11 days from the beginning to the initial symptoms. The growth and development of mycelia can accelerate the germination of spores of Fusarium molds. The incidence of the first oyster mushroom is usually caused by the cover soil and the old mushroom shelf. Mushroom disease is caused by the re-dissemination of water, tools, and human operations. If it is infested during the formation of mushroom buds, its performance is as follows: normal mushroom buds have not appeared yet, and the mushrooms have grown in large quantities to form a kind of irregular shape of the Mabul-like tissue. The mushrooms are generally 3-4 days ahead of normal mushrooms. If it is infested in the growth period of the young bud, the mushroom can continue to grow, but the mushroom cap develops abnormally or stops developing. The mushroom stem expands and deforms and shows a twisting deformity. The mushroom is hollow in the late stage and the mushroom cap At the junction with the stipe and the stipe base, white villous mycelium grows, then turns dark brown, and the surface is oozing with brownish water droplets and odor.
3, the law of occurrence: The bacteria are widely distributed in the topsoil 2-9 cm. The most suitable growth temperature is 25°C, and the growth is very slow at 10°C, and basically it cannot grow at a temperature above 35°C. The tests showed that in the soil and compost, the pathogenic spores died at a temperature of 56°C for 4 hours and a temperature of 65°C for 1 hour.
The pathogen is mainly transmitted through the soil, water spray, humans, tools, insects, etc. Poor ventilation, high temperature, and high humidity also help the disease occur.
4. Control methods: 1 Before the planting, mushroom house and mushroom stand shall be sprayed and disinfected with 5% bleach solution or 5% formaldehyde solution; 2 Disinfection of soil cover: Cover soil shall take deep soil below 30 cm, and do not take surface soil. The soil is taken out of the field where the mushroom waste has been thrown out; after the soil is ready, it should be dried in the sun and dried, and disinfected with a pharmacological agent at the same time. Diseases in areas with severe disease may be given an appropriate amount of medication; after the second application of the mushroom in the second batch of mushrooms, a net 700-fold solution is sprayed on the mushroom bed.
3 After the mushroom is found, stop the water spray immediately and increase the ventilation of the mushroom house. When the mushroom is low, it should be promptly removed and burned. Do not throw it in case of a malignant infection. When a large number of mushrooms appear on the mushroom bed, do not remove it immediately. First, the good mushrooms were harvested, and then the mold was sprayed with 500 times liquid and sprayed at intervals of 3-7 days. The effect was excellent for 3-4 times.
5, other matters needing attention: 1 tools used mushroom used to disinfect with 2% formaldehyde, hands should also be promptly cleaned, do not use mushrooms collected by the hands of mushroom beds; ; 3 disease areas in the village farmers do not visit each other, so as not to pass pathogenic spores into others mushroom house.
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