1. Strategies for controlling weeds in wheat fields
Weeding in wheat fields should implement a “prevention-based, comprehensive control†strategy, combining agricultural control measures, artificial grasses, and chemical weed control to form a comprehensive management system. In each wheat district, we can take measures based on local weed species, damage conditions, natural conditions, climate, and farming systems, and adopt simple and effective measures to control the weeds below the economically allowable loss level.
2. Weeding by agricultural measures
Strict quarantine and selection of seed seeds in weed seeds is one of the important ways for weeds to spread. For quarantine weeds such as poisonous wheat, we must strictly seal the epidemic areas where the locks occurred, eliminate the spread of weed seeds, eradicate areas of zero occurrence as soon as possible, and effectively protect areas that do not occur.
Rotation of different crop rotations for crop rotation can change the suitable environment for weeds and create conditions that are not conducive to the growth of weeds, thereby controlling the occurrence of weeds. In the northern wheat region, wheat must be changed for many years and crop rotation should be carried out. Crop rotation can be carried out in places where conditions permit, and underground rhizomes of perennial weeds, such as Tian Xuan Hua, Xiang Fu Zi, Jiao Guo Cai, and Brassica paniculata can be drowned and weeded. good results. In the southern wheat area, especially in the re-emergence area of ​​Akanmai, it is necessary to change the phenomenon of continuous cropping of wheat and rice for many years. The green manure was turned over in the flowering period of the weeds, and both the herbicide and the soil were cultivated.
The farmyard manure must be fully decomposed. Because the weeds in the compost in the countryside and the residues in the field are mixed with many weed seeds, the farm manure must be decomposed at high temperatures in order to kill the weed seeds and give full play to the fertilizer effect.
The strengthening of field management is mainly due to timely weed control (which can be performed once before the wheat tillering stage), topdressing and irrigation, promoting the healthy growth of wheat, and suppressing grass with seedlings to give full play to the ecological control effect.
Rational farming is a combination of deep and shallow tillage, which not only controls weeds in wheat fields, but also saves time and labor. In the recurring area of ​​wild oats, deep sowing (sowing about 20 cm in depth) in one year and shallow ploughing in two years (about 10 cm in length) will allow weed seeds to concentrate on the topsoil, germinate neatly and have a good chemical weed control effect. In perennial weed recurrence areas, deep plowing before winter, the roots of the weeds were exposed to the surface and frozen or sunburned. Perennial weeds rarely occur in perennial intensively cultivated plots.
3, wheat field chemical weeding
Broad-leaved Weed Control Herbicides used to control broad-leaved weeds in wheat fields include 2,4-D-butyrate, 2-Azyl Chloride, Benzonsone, Superstars, Baicao, Mesulfuron, and chlorsulfuron. Long, West grass net, bromoxynil, iodobenzene and so on.
â— Superstars (Broadleaf Net) Superstars are high-efficiency herbicides of sulfonylureas. They have the advantages of high herbicidal activity, low dosage, broad herbicide spectrum, ease of use, and safety to crops. . Superstars not only support broad-leaved weeds such as sow wormwood, porcine clam, bramble, virginia, big broccoli, vaccaria, wild rapeseed, leeks, clams, amaranth, blue vegetables, and lavender. Significant control effect, but also have a good control effect against the weeds such as Tianshao, Maijiagong and Miwa pots. In the wheat leaf stage to jointing stage can be applied to the vigorous growth of weeds (3 to 4 leaf stage) application of the best control effect. Use 75% superstar dry suspension 0.9-1.4 grams per acre and add 30-50 kilograms of water evenly. Inhibition of weeds can be seen 10 to 30 days after application.
â—2,4-D Butyl Ester against wheat field of Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, Eucalyptus, Poria, Xanthium, field bindweed, small bindweed, amaranth, sowing wormwood, euphorbia, miva, potpourri And tickling vegetables have better control effect. The application of wheat from the 4th leaf to the end of the tillering stage is safe for the wheat crops. If the pesticide is applied after the tillering stage, the wheat crops will be susceptible to phytotoxicity and the formation of malformed spikes will reduce the yield. 72% 2,4-D butyl ester cream spring wheat field with 50 ~ 70 ml per mu, winter wheat field with 40 ~ 50 ml per mu, add water 50 kg uniform spray. The herbicidal effect of 2,4-D-Butyl Ester is related to temperature. Spraying on sunny days with temperature above 18°C ​​is beneficial to the weeds' absorption of pesticides and increase the weeding effect. If the temperature is low, and cloudy light is insufficient, not only the efficacy is poor, but also the detoxification effect of wheat crops is reduced, and it is easy to cause phytotoxicity. Due to the strong volatile nature of 2,4-D-Butyl Ester, it should be spaced more than 500 meters away from sensitive crops such as cotton, rapeseed, and beans when applied in wheat fields, and the wind speed must not exceed 3 in the downwind direction of sensitive crops. m/s.
â—2 A 4 Chloride This herb has the same herbicidal range and application time as 2,4-D Butyl Ester. The biggest advantage is that it is less volatile than 2,4-D Butyl Ester, and it is safe for wheat crops. Spring wheat from one leaf to the end of delivery, winter wheat from the beginning of delivery to the end of the delivery period for spraying. Use 70% 2 A 4 chlorine sodium salt per acre 55-85 grams, or use 20% 2 A 4 chlorine water agent 200-300 ml, add water 30-50 kg evenly spray. Although 2A and 4Chlorine have poor volatility, they may cause phytotoxicity if they migrate to sensitive crops. Therefore, it should be applied in the direction of downwind of sensitive crops. Good spray effect in sunny days.
A small amount of chemical fertilizer such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and superphosphate is mixed in the liquid, which can improve the effect of killing the grass. Generally, about 200 grams of chemical fertilizer per acre is appropriate. 2 A 4 chlorine and Bendazon, Baicao enemy, Praxanthine, superstars and associated agricultural herbicides such as mixed use, can reduce the dosage, expand the spectrum to kill grass, and significantly improve the control effect of resistant weeds.
â— The paraquat enemy can control many annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds, such as Sophora japonica, Brassica rapa, Brassica chinensis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus trifoliata, Poria cocos, Coriander, Cocklebur, Porcupine, Field bindweed and Chicory Leek, alone dishes, leeks, solanum and so on. Spring wheat is applied at the 2 to 5 leaf stage and winter wheat is applied at the 4 to the tillering stage. 48% Bacillus per acre 20 ~ 30 ml of water, add water 40 kg uniform spray. When the temperature is high on sunny days, the pesticide is applied, the efficacy is fast, and the efficacy is high.
Wheat crops are forbidden to use Baicao Enemies after jointing starts, otherwise phytotoxicity will occur. Herbicides are mixed with 2 A 4 Cl or 2,4-D Butyl Ester, ie, 48% Herbicide 15 ml/mu, 20% 2 A 4 Chloroform 120 ml, or 70% 2,4-D Ester cream 25 ml, add water spray, both to reduce the dosage, but also to expand the grass spectrum, can significantly improve the weeding effect.
â— Bendazosone (Daocao Dan) It is used to control various weeds such as pigtails, leeks, cocklebur, purslane, amaranthus retroflexus, burdock, sorghum, alfalfa, solanum nigrum, and other species of weeds. It can be used at any time in the wheat field, but it is best when applied in the 2-5 leaf stage. Use 48% Bentazon water solution per acre 130 ~ 180 ml, add water 30 kg uniform spray. High temperature, good soil moisture, good herbicide and weeding effect. Bendazosone has a slow efficacy, and weeds usually die after 10 days. Bendazone can be mixed with 2A 4 chlorine or diesel, which can broaden the spectrum of grass weeding and improve the weeding effect.
â— It makes it long (curing evil spirits) It is very good for weeds such as pigskin, scorpion, cattle squid, big nest dish, sow wormwood, broken rice stalks, field spinsweed, curb blue vegetables, roll stem pods and other weeds. Control effect. In the 2 to 5 leaf stage of wheat, use 20% per acre to make it grow 30-50 ml of emulsifiable concentrate and add 30 kg of water evenly.
In recent years, the area of ​​damage caused by Zeqing (cat's eye) in some wheat fields in the Huanghuai wheat region has been expanding year by year, making it difficult to control. 20% per acre can be used to make it long cream EC 25 ~ 35 ml plus 20% 2 A 4 chlorine water agent 150 ml, spraying water. The anti-drug weeds such as lacquer, vulgaris, and leeks have good control effects.
Control of grasses and weeds Herbicides used to control grassy weeds in wheat fields include humming horses, barnyardgrass, Xinyanling, oatmeal, herbicide dan, glutinous gluten, oat addicts, green yan yan, and wild ling. Wait.
â— Thrips is a selective herbicide with high herbicidal activity. It is safe for winter wheat and spring wheat and can effectively control many kinds of malignant grass weeds in wheat fields, such as wild oats, aphrodisiac, Valerian, Setaria virescens, Japanese apia, hard grass, grass, wind shear bentgrass and so on. Application of wheat after emergence, do not need to consider the growth period, control of wild oats from the 2 leaves to mid-delivery for the best application period. 6.9% per acre with 40-60 ml of eucalyptus emulsion, or 30-40 ml of 10% of amaranth cream, 30 kg of water evenly spray, can effectively control the occurrence of grass weeds. When the age of grass weeds is large, the dosage can be increased appropriately.
Hamma can be used in combination with superstars, 2,4-D-butyl ester, bromoxynil, isoproturon, thiazolone, and fragrant rice to broaden the spectrum of herbicides and play a role in the application of pesticides to cure broad-leaved weeds. However, it cannot be used in combination with herbicides such as Bendazosone, Baicaoide and 2A 4 sodium chloride.
â— Trifoliol is used to control grassy weeds such as wild oats, aphrodisiacs, barnyardgrass, goosegrass, crabgrass, green foxtail, and poisonous wheat. In the wheat field, more than 90% of the wild oats emerged, and the leaf age was between 2 and 4 leaves. The optimum application period was for wheat fields with 36% silymarin EC 130-180 ml per acre and 30 kg foliar spray treatment.
â— New Yan Ling is used to control wild oats, and it also has certain control effects on the storage of alfalfa. The application period of winter wheat is the delivery of wild oats to the first period of emergence. Apply 20% Xin Yan Ling EC 250-350 ml per mu and add 30 kg stem and leaf spray.
â— Oats fear (Ahada) Control of wild oats, aunts, dry buckwheat, poisonous wheat and other grassy weeds. Pre-emergence soil treatment before sowing of wheat and barley, post-emergence application of soil before heading, all have good herbicidal efficacy. Generally, before sowing the whole plant, use 40% oats to avert 150 to 200 ml of milk per acre and add 30 kg of water to spray the ground uniformly. It is also possible to spread the application soil after mixing the application volume per acre with 20 kg of fine moist soil. It is also possible to uniformly spread the ground after mixing the dosage per acre with 10 kg of urea. Oats are volatile and must be sterilized with disc harrows or gingivae. After the pesticide is applied, the pesticide is mixed into a 10 cm deep soil layer. Then the wheat is sown and sown to a depth of 3 to 5 cm.
â— Zhicao Dan is used in control of wheat fields to prevent annual weeds such as amaranth, barnyardgrass, crabgrass, setaria, hardgrass, and headgrass. In some southern wheat fields and rice and wheat two-crop wheat fields along both banks of the river, hardgrass and clubhead grasses are severe and difficult to control. Can be used after the seedlings of wheat sowing, 50% per acre to kill grass alkaloids 100 to 150 ml, plus 25% of green mellon 120 to 200 grams, or 50% to kill grass oil and 48% pull rope EC 100 ml each Mix 30 kg of water and evenly spray the ground. Before the 2-leaf stage of grass weeds, it is also possible to spray 250 ml of 50% herbicidal oil per acre with 30 kg of stems and leaves of water.
Control of mixed weeds and grass weeds
Green mellon, chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron, isoproturon, linuron, prometryn, and Putianjing have good control effects on most broad-leaved weeds and part of grasses and weeds. These herbicides can be used when mixing grasses.
â— Green mellon is used in wheat field to control grassy weeds such as amaranth, valerian, foxtail, hardgrass, headgrass and wild oats, as well as to cure swine fever, sow wormwood, earthworms, sturgeons, virginia, etc. Broad-leaved weeds. Before the seedlings of wheat are sown, 200-300 g of 25% chlorotoluron are used per mu, and 30 kg of water is sprayed on the surface or mixed with medicinal soil. If the wheat field is dominated by hardgrass and headgrass, use 150g of 25% chlorotoluril per acre before sowing, add 48% trifluralin 50g, evenly spray the ground to control these weeds.
â— Mesulfuron is used in wheat fields to control S. sophia, S. brevicornus, S. scrofulaceum, S. chinense and Amaranthus cinnamomum, and has low activity against V. laevigata and V. lagopus. It can prevent and control the weeds and other grasses, but it does not have effects on S. it is good. After the wheat is sown to the 2-leaf stage, 3 to 5 g of 10% metsulfuron per acre is sprayed evenly on 30 kg of water. The drug has a long period of residual effect and has an impact on crops such as sugar beets, and should be used with caution.
â— Green sulfosulfuron is used in wheat fields to control broad-leaved weeds such as swine crickets, broad-leaved storks, earthworms, cockroaches, cockleburs and other broad-leaved weeds. It also has efficacy in controlling grassy weeds such as amaranth, green foxtail, barnyard grass, and crabgrass. . It can be used before wheat sowing, before sowing and before seedling, and it is best to apply pesticide early after seedling. Lusulpolon is safe for wheat crops, but it lasts for about a year in the soil and can cause phytotoxicity to crops such as corn, cotton, soybeans, peanuts, canola, and sugar beets. The chlorsulfuron can be used in the spring wheat area cooked once a year and in the rice and wheat crops.
â— Ligulong has better control effects on weeds such as Setaria virescens, Valeriana officinalis, Wild oats, Horseweed, Goosegrass, Swine Fever, Poria, Acarus, Oystercatchers and other weeds. Before winter wheat sowing seedlings, use 50% Ligulong 100-130 grams per acre, add 30 kg of water evenly spray, and shallowly mix the soil.
â— Praxegrax is used to control the weeds in wheat fields such as Aegicenia regale, Setaria viridis, crabgrass, Fritillaria, virginia, oysters, and scorpions. Before sowing, wheat was sown with 50% paracetamol 75 to 100 grams per acre before spraying, spraying 30 kg of water on the surface. In shallow areas, 1 to 2 cm of shallow mixed soil was applied to improve the weed control effect.
The control technology of the mixed crops of gramineous weeds and broad-leaved weeds in wheat fields The focus of control in spring wheat weeds and part of dry winter wheat regions is wild oats and a variety of broadleaf weeds. Oatmeal can be applied before sowing wheat, and deep-mixed soil to control wild oats. Spraying superstars, 2A 4 chloride, 2,4-D-butylate, or Baicao at the seedling stage of wheat. If the seedling stage superstars are mixed with thrips, a single application can effectively control gramineous weeds and broadleaf weeds in wheat field. . In southern wheat field weeds in the wheat field are mainly amaranth and broad-leaved weeds. No-tillage wheat can be grown in the paddy field and wheat can be sprayed with an herbicide glyphosate (Nongda) or Gramoxone before sowing. Paraquat) eliminates emerging weeds including perennial weeds. Before sowing, wheat was sown with green mellon before budding, and wheat was mixed with haloxyfop and 2A and 4 chlorine at the seedling stage, or bentazone and 2A and 4 chlorine were sprayed together. It is also possible to mix superstars with thrips in the seedling stage of wheat, and to control all annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds in a single application.
4, chemical weeding should pay attention to the problem
Weeds and crops are plants, and some weeds and crops are plants of the same family or even of the same genus, and are closely related. To apply pesticides under the same conditions of survival, it is necessary to efficiently kill weeds and ensure that they do not harm wheat. This is constrained by many factors. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly understand the relevant issues and apply drugs correctly before application so that the efficacy can be fully utilized. Avoid injury.
Accurate selection of pesticides Each herbicide has a certain herbicide spectrum, and some herbicide spectrum may be very narrow. For example, Oatmeal can control wild oats and aphrodisiacs in grass weeds, but it is not effective for hard grasses. Good; 2 A and 4 chlorine can prevent broad-leaved weeds of sow wormwood, cockroach, cockroach, leeks, etc., but not effective for swine fever. Therefore, we must first select the corresponding effective herbicides according to the main weed species in the area, and then select the herbicide according to the local farming system. Superstars, 2A, 4Chloro, and Thrips can be used in wheat fields with various farming systems, while metsulfuron-methyl and chlorsulfuron-methyl can be used in wheat crops grown in rice and wheat and in spring wheat crops cooked on a yearly basis. Crops such as corn, cotton, soybeans, and peanuts may produce phytotoxicity. In addition, it is also necessary to alternate alternately the herbicide species with different mechanisms and herbicide spectrum from time to time in order to avoid the control of dominant weeds after long-term use of only one herbicide, and some resistant weeds will increase year by year. , caused by the rise of secondary weeds as the main weeds.
The safety factor of herbicides is relatively low compared with insecticides and fungicides, and the recommended dosage of each herbicide is the optimum amount determined after many years, multiple sites, and multiple tests. We must not increase the dose of drugs at random because of fear of death from the grass. At the same time should be done evenly to avoid re-spray and spray.
Selecting the optimum application period of the foliar application during the growing season must be selected during the wheat safe period (small seedling stage) and the weed sensitive period (1 to 3 leaf stage and prolonged period), and applying the medicine too early or late will reduce the efficacy. , Even causing phytotoxicity to wheat. Before the 3rd leaf stage of wheat and after the beginning of jointing, 2,4-D-butyl ester and paraquat enemy will produce phytotoxicity to wheat, which makes the wheat leaves and spikes twist, and extracts the abnormal ear and even does not show earing.
Pay attention to the temperature and temperature at the time of application not only affect the growth of weeds, but also affect the efficacy of herbicides. According to reports, 300 grams of 25% chlorotoluron per acre is used to control wheat crops. When the temperature is 9 to 13.6°C, it takes 7 days, and the control effect is as high as 98.3%; and it takes only 30 days at 2 to 10°C. The control effect is only 80.5%. 2,4-D-Butyl ester and 2A and 4-Chloride had poor efficacy when applied at temperatures below 10°C and good results at temperatures above 15°C. Although the ultimate effect of super-efficient herbicides such as superstars is not affected by temperature, herbicides can only exhibit herbicidal effects at 30 days after application at low temperatures. All herbicides are applied when the temperature is high, which is conducive to the full play of the efficacy. However, application of pesticides above 30°C also increased the possibility of phytotoxicity.
It is important to ensure that the suitable humidity does not occur before the seedlings, or during the growth period, and the soil moisture is an important factor affecting the efficacy level. Pre-emergence application, if the surface layer of humidity, easy to form a tight layer of pesticide soil, and weed seeds germinate soon, so the control effect is high. If the soil in the growing season is wet, weeds thrive, which is beneficial to the weeds' absorption of herbicides and their ability to kill weeds in the body. Therefore, the efficacy of pesticides is fast and the herbicidal effect is good.
Differentiating soil properties and pH The soil properties have a great influence on herbicide efficacy. The organic matter contains the finest soil particles, has a large adsorption capacity for herbicides, and has a large amount of soil microorganisms, strong activity, and the pharmaceuticals are easily degraded. It is safe for crops under the recommended dose, but the herbicidal effect is poor, and the amount of pesticides can be appropriately increased. . Sandy soil has coarse particles and low organic matter content. The adsorption of pesticide on the soil is small. The pesticide molecules are mostly in the free state among the soil particles. The activity is strong, and it is prone to phytotoxicity. The dosage can be reduced appropriately. Most herbicides remain stable in alkaline soils and are not easily degraded. Therefore, they have a longer residual period and are prone to produce phytotoxicity to crops. If applied to alkaline soils, the amount of pesticides can be appropriately reduced, and the application period should be as early as possible. .
Active use of safe synergists When spraying herbicides in wheat fields, the use of Spring Rain No.1 can increase the efficacy of herbicides in the low temperature period, achieve rapid, efficient, safe and thorough weed control, and accelerate the degradation of herbicides in wheat plants. , reduce drug harm, can shorten the residual period, to avoid the occurrence of phytotoxicity on crops. The method of use is that 1 capsule of spring rain 1 is mixed with 15 kg of water and mixed with herbicide. Chunyu No. 1 has a good compatibility, regardless of the pH of the herbicide can be mixed, and promote the use of existing equipment.
Semi Automatic Computer Microtome,Lab Rotary Microtome,Lab Sliding Microtome,Lab Microtome Blade
Unimedsume Trading Co., Ltd , https://www.ums-labmed.com