The genus *Carminacea* is a subfamily within the order *Polypodiidae*, and most species of the subfamily *Aquaticaceae* are found in North America. There are approximately 14 genera and nearly 80 species in total. Notably, this particular species is currently recognized as the only member of the fish family in Asia. It has been observed in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Breeding practices for this fish include a mixed feeding diet, strong disease resistance, wide environmental adaptability, and a calm temperament. It can be raised in ponds, either alone or in polyculture systems. To maintain optimal conditions, it's recommended to feed leeches to help keep the water temperature cool.
**First, Seed Cultivation**
**1. Larval Care**
After hatching, artificial propagation requires daily cleaning of the bottom of the hatching container to prevent larvae from burrowing into the substrate. The water flow should be adjusted to avoid strong currents that might harm the fry. An air pump should be used to ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen levels. Protection from early spring cold spells is also essential. At a water temperature between 18–22°C, larvae typically reach the fry stage after about five days and can then be transferred to the next cultivation phase.
**2. Fry Rearing**
Fry are usually raised in small cement tanks or cages with a stocking density of 2,000 to 5,000 per square meter. Once the fry grow to around 3 cm in length, they are thinned out to 100–200 per square meter. Initially, they can be fed egg-yolk pulp for one day, followed by live foods such as rotifers, paramecia, diatoms, and green algae. As they grow to 1.5 cm, small clams and copepods are introduced. When they reach 2.5 cm, minced blisters are offered. At 3–3.5 cm, fresh water earthworms become the main food. All live bait must be cleaned before feeding, and large feeds should be filtered through a 25-mesh net. Feeding should occur two to three times daily.
**3. Fingerling Rearing**
When fry reach 3–5 cm in length, they are considered fingerlings. Before stocking, ponds should be cleaned, sterilized, and fertilized to encourage the growth of natural food organisms. After introduction, in addition to natural food, they should be fed leeches, chicken gizzards, minced fish paste, and squid-based feed twice daily. With proper feeding, fingerlings can reach 250–300 grams by the end of the year.
**Second, Adult Fish Rearing**
Adult fish are primarily raised in ponds, with the main pond area ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 hectares and a depth of 2–3 meters. Water sources must be abundant and of good quality. Stocking density is typically 500–600 fish per 0.067 hectares, with each fish weighing 100–200 grams. Additionally, about 100 snails and squids are added per 0.067 hectares. During spawning periods, 20–30 fish per 0.067 hectares are stocked.
Feeding is mainly done using compound feed, which can replace traditional feeds like leeches or catfish diets. Feeding should be consistent in terms of quality, quantity, timing, and location. Weekly supplementation with water fleas is beneficial. Live foods such as snail meat, small fish, shrimp, insect larvae, fly maggots, and yellow mealworms can also be used to reduce costs.
Pomfret (a common name for this fish) is sensitive to low oxygen levels. Regular water changes are necessary to maintain clarity at 30–50 cm and dissolved oxygen above 3 mg/L. Adult fish take 8–10 months to mature, reaching an average weight of 600–750 grams. A typical yield is about 400 kg per 0.067 hectares.
Common diseases affecting this fish include "water mold" (a fungal infection), enteritis, "rotten tail" disease, and "print disease." Preventive measures and prompt treatment are crucial to maintaining healthy populations.
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