Scientific name: *Trifolium repens*
Common names: White clover, Dutch clover, and white flower clover.
Family: Fabaceae (Leguminosae), genus *Trifolium*, commonly known as clovers.
Natural Form:
There are two main types of clover: white-flowered clover and red clover. White clover is a high-quality forage legume with soft stems and leaves, rich in crude protein and low in fiber, making it ideal for both livestock and herbivorous fish.
Due to its low growth habit and adaptability, white clover is widely used in urban landscaping and green spaces.
White clover has a spreading growth pattern with multiple branches, solid stems, and smooth, soft foliage that can grow up to 30–50 cm in height. It roots at the stem nodes, forming dense mats. The leaves are trifoliate, with slender petioles emerging from rhizomes or stem joints. Each leaflet is obovate, featuring an inverted "V" shaped light spot, and the three leaflets together form a symmetrical triangle.
The inflorescence is located in the leaf axils, with long pedicels. The flowers are small, pink or white, and have a fluffy appearance. Each cluster contains 20–40 florets, and the flowering period typically lasts from mid-April to mid-November. The pods are small and elongated, containing 3–4 seeds each. The seeds are heart-shaped, yellow or brownish-yellow, with a 1,000-seed weight ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 grams. The plant has a short main root, but develops numerous lateral roots and nodules, which help fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Ecological Characteristics:
White clover is highly cold-tolerant. At temperatures around 0°C, some older leaves may turn yellow, while the leaves on the main root remain close to the ground and stay green. This gives it a long green period. It thrives in acidic soils and prefers warm, sunny, and well-drained environments. In dry conditions, growth slows down, and some plants may die off during hot seasons.
It is resilient to mowing, trampling, and damage, regenerating quickly—new leaves can appear within 10 days after cutting. After heavy trampling, it can recover in 3–5 days. However, it does not perform well in shaded areas. It is also resistant to air pollution and pests, making it a hardy choice for various environments.
Advantages of Using White Clover for Lawn Establishment:
Traditional turfgrasses often require frequent mowing, watering, and maintenance, which can be labor-intensive and costly. White clover offers a more sustainable alternative.
Key benefits include:
- Low Maintenance: White clover grows as a stoloniferous plant, reaching heights of 10–20 cm. Once established, it rarely needs mowing.
- Water Efficient: Its deep root system allows it to access moisture from deeper soil layers, reducing the need for frequent irrigation.
- Self-Regenerating: Without regular mowing, the plant can flower and produce seeds naturally, allowing for continuous renewal of the lawn.
- Aggressive Spreading: The runners spread horizontally, rooting along the way. If a part of the plant dies or is cut, new clusters can form independently. This makes it very effective at suppressing weeds and maintaining a neat, uniform lawn.
Uses:
White clover is widely used for erosion control on slopes, embankments, and near airports and highways due to its easy propagation and low maintenance requirements. It can also be mixed with other cool- and warm-season grasses to create a diverse and resilient lawn.
Additional Information:
The white clover is the national flower of Ireland and is often associated with good luck and prosperity.
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