Introduction to the Application of Biogas Fertilizer in Nectarine Cultivation to Boost Yield:
Biogas fertilizer, a byproduct of biogas fermentation, is widely recognized as an excellent organic fertilizer. It is rich in essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as trace elements like boron, copper, iron, manganese, calcium, and zinc, which are crucial for nectarine tree growth. In addition, it contains a significant amount of organic matter, amino acids, and vitamins. This type of fertilizer offers advantages such as a wide range of raw materials, low cost, full nutrient content, and long-lasting effects. When applied in nectarine orchards, it provides all the necessary nutrients that are easily absorbed by the plants. It also increases the organic matter in the soil, improving its structure over time. This enhances the soil's ability to retain water and nutrients, improves drought resistance, and ultimately boosts nectarine yield by up to 20%. Additionally, it strengthens the tree's resilience to stress, reduces pest and disease incidence, and results in more uniform fruit size, brighter color, and better taste. For example, in Gaozhuang Village, Xuzhuang Town, farmers use NF fertilizer to grow nectarines without chemical fertilizers. This not only improves soil quality but also reduces the need for pesticides, lowers production costs, and ensures high yields, stable production, and superior fruit quality. As a result, their nectarines sell at prices 50% higher than those of the same variety.
Second, the application methods of biogas fertilizer include using it as base fertilizer or top dressing and foliar fertilizer.
1. As Base Fertilizer: The best time to apply biogas residue as a base fertilizer is during the dormant period of the tree, typically at the end of January to February or November each year (after draining or refilling the digester). For each nectarine tree, apply 15-20 kg of residue. The method involves digging 4-6 pits around the tree, with a depth of 30-35 cm. After applying the fertilizer, water it with five times the volume of the biogas residue. Once the water has been absorbed, cover the pits with soil to ensure effective nutrient absorption and prevent root damage from frost.
2. As Top Dressing: Biogas slurry can be used as a top dressing during the germination, flowering, fruit setting, and fruit development stages. Apply it 3-5 times a year, with each application ranging from 10-20 kg. The process involves digging trenches along the roots or creating 4-6 pits around the tree. You can also create a circular trench, about 30 cm deep and 20 cm wide. Mix the biogas slurry with five times the volume of water and apply it into the trenches. Cover the soil immediately after the slurry dries to maintain effectiveness.
3. Foliar Spraying: Leaf fertilizer can be applied during the bud, flowering, young fruit, and fruit development stages. Use clear and filtered biogas slurry diluted with 10 times the volume of water and spray it on the canopy every 10-20 days. Ensure the leaves are wet but not dripping. Foliar spraying helps strengthen the tree, improve leaf color, reduce disease and pest occurrence, and enhance the tree’s resistance to stress. Adjust the application based on the tree’s growth stage—reapply for weak trees, apply lightly for young trees, and avoid over-fertilizing mature or fruit-bearing trees. Spraying during fruit growth can increase yield and improve fruit quality.
Third, some important considerations should be taken into account when using biogas fertilizer. First, when spraying biogas slurry on the leaves, only use slurry that has been fermenting for more than three months and has been clarified and filtered for 2-3 days. Do not use unfermented slurry. Second, when applying biogas residue or slurry as base fertilizer or top dressing, keep a certain distance from the roots to avoid root burn. Third, after applying biogas residue as a base fertilizer, cover it promptly to prevent nutrient loss. Fourth, foliar spraying should be done in the early morning or late afternoon when temperatures are lower; avoid spraying during midday heat. Fifth, when using foliar sprays, adjust the water-to-fertilizer ratio properly to avoid fertilizer burn. Focus on the underside of the leaves during spraying. Lastly, if pests or diseases occur, you may mix appropriate pesticides with the biogas slurry for spraying.
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