In order to optimize crop nutrition and improve soil fertility, it is essential to start by increasing the use of organic fertilizers while carefully balancing the application of inorganic fertilizers. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients should be adjusted based on specific crop needs. For example, a combination of 7:5 or 6:5 between organic and inorganic fertilizers can be effective. When it comes to macronutrients, a typical ratio might be 1:0.5–0.6:0.25–0.3 for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium respectively. Micronutrient applications vary depending on the crop type—such as boron for cotton and rapeseed, zinc for wheat and corn, and molybdenum for legumes. In crops like melons, vegetables, and orchards, applying micronutrients such as boron, zinc, copper, and iron can enhance stress resistance and boost yield.
Next, it's important to determine the optimal amount of fertilizer needed. This can be achieved through soil testing, which helps identify nutrient deficiencies and guides the application according to what the soil lacks and how much it needs. This approach ensures a balanced supply of nutrients that meets the crop’s requirements without over-fertilizing.
Third, timing plays a crucial role in fertilizer application. Following the principle of "light, medium, and heavy" application—applying smaller amounts early, moderate amounts during mid-growth, and higher amounts later—helps avoid issues like early nutrient deficiency, mid-season over-fertilization, or late-stage nutrient loss. Proper timing ensures that plants absorb nutrients efficiently throughout their growth cycle.
Finally, improving the method of fertilizer application is key to maximizing efficiency. Organic fertilizers should be used as a base fertilizer, incorporated into the soil before planting. For inorganic fertilizers, nitrogen should be applied at a depth of 12 to 15 cm to reduce losses due to volatilization. Phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients should be applied in a full-layer manner—two-thirds of the total fertilizer should be spread on the field before plowing, and the remaining one-third after plowing. After thorough raking, the nutrients will be evenly distributed within the plow layer, significantly improving fertilizer uptake and reducing waste.
By following these four steps—balancing organic and inorganic inputs, determining the right quantities, timing applications properly, and using effective methods—farmers can achieve better crop yields, healthier soils, and more sustainable agricultural practices.
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