There are eight species of carp found in the Yangtze River, Heilongjiang, and other water systems across China. Among them, the Chinese sturgeon is a first-class national protected animal. Other notable fish include the golden Russian pelicans, the shimmering pheasants with bright white stripes, and the cute and lively body pods—each playing an important role in local fisheries.
As these small squid-like creatures hatch one by one, the technique of artificial squid breeding has gradually improved. These energetic little beings move up and down continuously, showing off their unique vertical swimming skills. At times, they gather anxiously, as if wondering how to leave this environment. They begin to look out at the water, imagining the exciting world that awaits them.
Where will they spend their childhood, and what kind of habitat do they prefer? Typically, when raising carp fry, smooth-walled containers like glass jars are preferred. These are not much more expensive than cement tanks and offer easier water management. The water supply and drainage system is more convenient compared to traditional glass tanks, where water is supplied from the top and drained from the middle.
Young squids are delicate and require thorough disinfection before being introduced to their new home. Experts recommend using salt to scrub the walls, which is both simple and cost-effective.
Once their home is ready, it's time to feed them. Newly hatched fry prefer natural food, such as nematodes, which are their favorite. Fresh nematodes can be collected, washed several times, and chopped before mixing with water and spreading evenly into the pond. In addition to food, they need enough oxygen. To ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen, farmers often use hanging buckets. This method increases the surface area between water and air, allowing more oxygen to dissolve, which helps the fry breathe more easily.
As the fry grow, they can gradually transition to compound feed. When they reach 5–7 cm in length, they are fed 5 portions of compound feed and 3 nematodes daily, with the number of nematodes decreasing over time. Once they reach 10 cm, they can be fed only compound feed.
Although all the fry were bred on the same day, their growth rates vary, leading to noticeable size differences. As the saying goes, "big fish eat small fish," so it’s essential to separate large and small fry early to prevent cannibalism and ensure healthy development. This step is crucial for maintaining high-quality fish.
After about one and a half months, the squids are fully adapted to captivity. As commercial fish, they can thrive in various environments. Research shows that they prefer warm, well-oxygenated water, with an ideal temperature range of 15–26°C. They can survive in temperatures from 0–30°C, making them adaptable to different farming conditions, including ponds, reservoirs, and cages.
Flowing pond culture is currently the most widely used method for raising squids. It requires less space, allows for better control of water flow, and makes feeding more efficient. Each pond has independent inlets and outlets, reducing the risk of contamination. Additionally, the pond walls must be smooth to prevent damage from the fish’s scaleless bodies.
Squids have high demands for water quality and dissolved oxygen. The pH should be maintained between 7.5 and 8.5 for optimal growth. Stocking density is best kept at around 500 fish per mu, with regular and measured feeding. Granular compound feed is recommended, as it provides balanced nutrition for different growth stages. Feeding is typically done 4–5 times a day, with a daily feeding rate of 1–3%.
These gentle fish are slow-moving and not very active, often swimming along the pond walls or near the bottom. This behavior contributes to a high feed conversion rate. One important note: since squids love clean water, any leftover food must be removed promptly to avoid water pollution and negative effects on their growth.
To maintain the freshness of farmed fish, some trout can be added to the pond. These trout don’t compete with squids but help control plankton, improving water quality.
With proper artificial control, squids can grow faster than in the wild. Under favorable conditions, a carp can reach about 1 kg in its first year and grow to 10 kg in four years. This leads to significantly higher annual income, more than doubling the return on investment.
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