Black fungus, also known as wood ear or *Auricularia auricula*, is a traditional food and medicinal mushroom that has been valued for centuries in Asian cultures. It is rich in protein, essential minerals, and dietary fiber, offering both nutritional benefits and a unique, crisp texture that makes it a popular ingredient in soups, salads, and stir-fries. Beyond its taste, black fungus is believed to have health-promoting properties such as clearing heat, nourishing yin, and improving blood circulation. Due to these benefits, it is especially recommended for workers exposed to high levels of dust—such as those in textile factories, mining operations, beauty salons, sanitation services, and even frontline teachers—making it a highly demanded product in the market.
After a period of decline in popularity, black fungus saw a resurgence in 2006 when prices for artificially cultivated varieties reached 50 yuan per kilogram, with premium quality specimens selling for up to 70 yuan. By 2007, the market continued to grow, not only domestically but also internationally. With rising consumer awareness of its health benefits and increasing demand, the black fungus industry shows great potential for expansion and development.
**Seasonal Cultivation Planning**
Black fungus is a type of woody rot fungus that thrives in medium to high temperatures. Its mycelium grows best between 6°C and 35°C, with an ideal range of 22°C to 28°C. The fruiting stage occurs at temperatures between 15°C and 35°C, with optimal conditions around 20°C to 28°C. In northern regions such as Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, and Henan, autumn is the best time for cultivation, typically from August to October. However, local climate variations, growing techniques, and management practices may require adjustments to the schedule. It's important to tailor the timing based on specific conditions rather than following a rigid plan.
Fungus bags should generally be prepared about 45 days before the planned fruiting period. This allows enough time for the mycelium to fully colonize the substrate. The exact timing depends on factors like base material composition, temperature, inoculation density, and strain characteristics. As the saying goes, "It’s better to be early than late."
**Strain Selection**
In regions with a long history of black fungus cultivation, local strains are often well-adapted to the environment and can be used directly. However, in new or non-traditional areas, it's crucial to select strains that are suitable for the local climate and conditions. Testing and comparing different strains locally is highly recommended to ensure the best results.
In recent years, several high-performing strains have emerged in Shandong, including "Agri-Science No. 108" and "Fuyou No. 1." These varieties have shown excellent yield and quality under controlled conditions.
**Substrate Formulation**
**Formula One:**
- 220 kg of hardwood sawdust
- 30 kg of wheat bran
- 1.5 kg of sucrose
- 5 kg of superphosphate
- 3 kg of gypsum
- 0.8 kg of urea
- 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate
- 1 bag of "Success" protective agent
- 1 bag of 3D edible fungus nutrient essence (mixed type)
**Formula Two:**
- 160 kg of crushed wood chips
- 60 kg of cottonseed hulls
- 30 kg of wheat bran
- 1.5 kg of sucrose
- 5 kg of superphosphate
- 3 kg of gypsum
- 0.6 kg of urea
- 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate
- 1 bag of "Success" protective agent
- 1 bag of 3D edible fungus nutrient essence (filling type)
**Base Material Preparation**
Once the raw materials—such as mold-free broad-leaved sawdust—are selected and the formula is prepared, the next step is to mix them thoroughly. After adding water, the mixture should be left to rest for 2–4 days to allow full hydration and softening. This helps prevent wood chips from piercing the plastic bags during the bagging process. Under proper moisture and temperature conditions, some spores will begin to germinate, which enhances the sterilization effect and improves the overall success rate of the cultivation.
After the preparation is complete, the material should be spread out and the temperature adjusted before bagging. First, dissolve the 3D nutrient essence in water and evenly spray it over the substrate. Mix thoroughly, adjusting the moisture content to approximately 63% and the pH to 7–7.5. The material temperature should be below 28°C or at ambient temperature before it is placed into bags.
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