The Beijing Late Peach is a unique late-ripening peach variety, known for its large fruit size, with an average weight of 260–300 grams and some fruits reaching up to 500 grams. The fruit is round in shape, featuring a deep purple-red skin that is both sweet and fragrant. Its flesh is firm, making it highly suitable for storage and transportation, while maintaining excellent quality. This variety is also high-yielding, adaptable to various growing conditions, and thrives well in hilly or mountainous areas, producing consistent and good results. In the Beijing region, it typically matures from late September to early October, coinciding with the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day, which gives it strong market competitiveness.
To ensure high-quality and high-yield production of this variety, the following key cultivation techniques are recommended:
1. **Site Selection**: The Beijing Late Peach has good adaptability to different soils but requires well-drained land. Avoid low-lying areas where waterlogging can occur.
2. **Planting Seedlings**: Choose strong seedlings with well-developed roots, a firmly healed graft union, and a diameter of about 1 cm at 5 cm above the graft. Ensure they are free from pests and diseases. Before planting, deeply till the soil and dig planting holes that are 1 meter in depth and width. Apply 3,000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure and 800 kg of Yangkang microbial organic fertilizer per 667 square meters. Plant trees at a spacing of 2m x 5m or 2m x 4m, resulting in 66–84 plants per 667 square meters, aligned north-south. After planting, water thoroughly, settle the soil, and cover the tree base with a 1-meter-wide mulch film. Prune the main stem to a height of 50–60 cm, and make a cut just below a 20 cm plastic band, leaving 5–6 healthy shoots. Cover the cut with a protective bag.
3. **Soil and Fertilizer Management**: This variety has a high self-pollination rate and fruit set. Combine orchard grass cultivation with soil fertility management. During the sapling stage, deepen and expand the planting hole. Every year or every other year before freezing, focus on the planting hole, digging to a depth of 40–60 cm. Deep plowing combined with annual basal fertilization in autumn is essential. Young trees receive smaller amounts of fertilizer, while from the third year onward, the amount increases gradually. Once the trees start bearing fruit, the annual application includes 30 kg of farmyard manure and 30 kg of Yangkang organic fertilizer per tree.
Orchard grass is planted between rows or throughout the garden to improve soil structure, suppress weeds, and enhance soil fertility. The grass used is nitrogen-fixing, shallow-rooted, and resilient, helping to maintain a balanced ecosystem around the peach trees.
Watering should be done once before bud break, after flowering, and at the beginning of the hardening phase. A small amount of water can be applied during dry periods 2–3 weeks before harvest, and frozen water should be given before winter.
4. **Tree Pruning**: The “Yâ€-shaped pruning system is recommended. After planting, the seedling should be pruned to a height of 50–60 cm. When new shoots reach 30–40 cm, select two strong, well-positioned shoots as the main branches. The tip of each main branch should be angled at 45 degrees, and lateral branches are not encouraged. As the tree matures, it will grow to about 2.5–3 meters tall, with a hedge width of 2 meters. Pruning should be moderate, focusing on creating large fruiting branches between plants. Once the tree is fully productive, the main goal is to balance vegetative growth and fruiting, while controlling the outward spread of fruiting parts.
During summer, use the branch spreading technique to open the angle of the main branches to around 70 degrees, removing dense or weak shoots. Leave 1–2 short shoots on the internal branches for future fruiting. Perform topping and twisting on the Wang branches 1–2 times. Winter pruning involves shortening branches to encourage vigorous growth and remove crossing or dense branches. Long fruiting branches are left with 7–9 sections, while middle branches are shortened to 5–7 sections. Focus on keeping the central fruiting branches and removing weak or non-productive ones. Regularly update branches using either a two-branch or single-branch method, and annually remove long, dense, or weak branches to maintain tree health.
5. **Flower and Fruit Thinning**: This variety flowers easily and has a high self-pollination rate. To ensure quality and continuous yield, artificial thinning is necessary. Use the "light first, heavy later" method: thin out weak or clustered inflorescences during the bud and flowering stages, retaining only one fruit per shoot. Two weeks after flowering, remove deformed, small, or basal fruits, spacing them about 20 cm apart. Maintain a leaf-to-fruit ratio of at least 50:1.
6. **Pest and Disease Control**: The Beijing Late Peach is generally resistant to pests and diseases. Follow conventional integrated pest management practices. Spray lime sulfur at 5°Bé before bud break, and use biological pesticides like “Thousand Insects†during the growing season to control aphids, peach leaf miners, and leafhoppers. Apply fungicides such as thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb to prevent bacterial infections. No spraying should be done one month before harvest to ensure safe and high-quality fruit.
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