Rainbow trout breeding management method

The broodstock rearing density should be carefully managed based on pond size, water quality, and water flow, typically maintained at 5–10 kg/m³. It is recommended to breed male and female fish separately and to include broodstock of different age groups for better genetic diversity. The number of broodstock depends on the scale of production. On average, 1800 eggs are produced per kilogram of female fish, while each kilogram of male fish can yield about 10 mg of semen. For every 10,000 eggs, 5–10 ml of semen is needed. Considering fertilization rates, a male-to-female ratio of 3:1 or 4:1 is ideal. Water temperature plays a crucial role in broodstock breeding. The optimal range is 4°C–13°C. During the first six months of spawning, temperatures should not exceed 12°C to ensure high-quality eggs. If the annual water temperature ranges between 16°C and 17.5°C, females may spawn, but egg quality will likely be poor. Feeding broodstock requires a balanced diet with more than 40% protein, less than 6% fat, and under 12% carbohydrates. Essential amino acids must be present in adequate amounts. Crustaceans, along with dried yeast, Vitamins, and carotenoids, are excellent supplements that improve egg quality. Artificial insemination involves identifying males and females. Males have a pointed snout, curved upper jaw, and a non-swollen abdomen, while females have a rounded snout, equal-length jaws, and a swollen lower abdomen. The female’s genital opening is slightly pink, and the tail appears dark red. Maturity is determined by physical signs. Males can extrude sperm, while females show a soft, enlarged abdomen and a protruding genital opening. Eggs are best collected within the first four days after being released into the body cavity, with the optimal period lasting up to seven days. Semen collection can be done directly by squeezing it onto the eggs or storing it in a container at below 8°C. Stored semen can be used multiple times. During oviposition, the female is held gently, and the eggs are extracted by massaging the abdomen. Before insemination, eggs are washed in an isotonic saline solution (90.4 g NaCl, 2.4 g KCl, 2.6 g CaCl₂ in 10 L water) and then mixed with semen. Each 10,000 eggs require 5–10 ml of semen, stirred thoroughly for 1–2 minutes. Fresh water is added, and the mixture is stirred again before water changes. Incubation begins when fertilized eggs absorb water, causing the membranes to separate. Incubators, such as horizontal or vertical types, are essential. The incubation room must be temperature-controlled to prevent freezing. A typical setup for 500,000 eggs might occupy 40–50 m², depending on the equipment. Water temperature during incubation should be between 7°C and 13°C, ideally 8°C–10°C. Oxygen levels must be maintained at over 6 mg/L, especially after the eyes develop. Barrel-type incubators can hold 50,000–120,000 eggs, with regular cleaning using malachite green solution. Eggs are transported after the eye stage, packed in containers with wet gauze and aquatic plants. Maintaining a temperature of 5°C–10°C ensures survival rates above 96% after 50 hours. Water should be dripped every 4 hours during transport. After hatching, larvae are placed in specialized trays or pools, avoiding direct light. They rely on yolk sacs for nutrition, requiring a steady water flow of 20 L/min per 100,000 larvae. Dead larvae must be removed promptly to maintain clean conditions.

Anti Coccidiosis Drugs

Anti-coccidiosis drugs are used to prevent and treat coccidiosis, a disease caused by a protozoan parasite that affects the intestinal tract of animals. Coccidiosis is a common and costly disease in livestock, particularly in poultry, sheep, and cattle.

There are several types of anti-coccidiosis drugs available, including ionophores, chemical coccidiostats, and natural coccidiostats. Ionophores are a class of antibiotics that are commonly used in poultry and are effective against a range of coccidia species. Chemical coccidiostats are synthetic compounds that are added to feed or water and work by interfering with the metabolism of the coccidia parasite. Natural coccidiostats are plant extracts or essential oils that have anti-coccidial properties.

It is important to use anti-coccidiosis drugs in poultry responsibly to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains of coccidia. This can be achieved by rotating different classes of drugs, using them at the recommended dose and duration, and ensuring good management practices to reduce the risk of infection.

anti coccidiosis drugs in poultry,anticoccidial,anticoccidial drugs for chickens,drugs for coccidiosis

NANYANG CHENGPENG PHARMACEUTICAL CO.,LTD , https://www.chppharm.com