Release date: 2007-07-30
For decades, one of the biggest challenges in AIDS treatment has been the inability to fully eliminate HIV from the body. Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy, the virus often re-emerges after treatment is stopped, making it difficult to achieve a complete cure. Now, a breakthrough study led by French research institutions has uncovered a key reason behind this phenomenon.
The study, conducted by the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), and the Pasteur Institute, revealed that the intestinal lymph nodes serve as a sanctuary for HIV. This discovery helps explain why the virus persists even when blood tests show no signs of infection.
For many years, doctors observed that individuals who underwent aggressive antiretroviral therapy often experienced a resurgence of HIV once treatment was discontinued. It was believed that the virus remained hidden in the body, evading both the immune system and medical interventions. However, this new research shows that the intestinal lymph nodes play a critical role in harboring the virus.
Scientists found that even in people who tested negative for HIV in their blood after ten years of infection, the virus could still be present in the intestinal lymph nodes. These nodes act as a protective environment for HIV, allowing it to remain dormant and avoid detection.
A major finding of the study is that T-CD8 lymphocytes, which are responsible for destroying infected cells, function poorly in the intestinal lymph nodes. In other parts of the body, these killer cells can effectively control viral replication, but in the gut, they are less effective. This deficiency allows HIV to persist and eventually spread to other organs, worsening the disease.
Further investigation revealed that the protein TGF-β plays a key role in suppressing the activity of T-CD8 lymphocytes in the gut. This cytokine not only weakens the immune response but also contributes to the early aging of these cells, making them less capable of fighting the virus.
According to the researchers, these findings open up new possibilities for treating AIDS. Strategies such as blocking TGF-β, repairing damaged T-CD8 cells, and targeting the intestinal lymph nodes could lead to more effective therapies. The team plans to explore these approaches in future studies, bringing scientists closer to a potential cure for HIV.
— Information from: China Medicine 123 Network
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