1. Scion Collection. To ensure high-quality grafting, select a mother tree with vigorous growth and strong seed production from the seed orchard. Collect scions in mid to early March of the grafting year, before sap flow begins. Choose 2-3-year-old branches on the trunk that are strong and one-year-old shoots. The diameter of the scion should be approximately 8 mm. Avoid collecting too many scions at once—limit to 15–20 per tree to protect the health of the mother tree. After collection, wrap the scions in moisture-retaining material or store them in a pit. For long-term storage, use a rural vegetable cellar: place 50 cm of ice at the bottom, insert the scions into the cellar, seal the entrance, and maintain a temperature below -5°C to preserve their viability.
2. Grafting Time. Pine grafting is best done between mid-May and early June, when the new shoots are in a rapid growth phase. This timing ensures better compatibility and survival rates for the grafts.
3. Grafting Method. Select young plantation forests that are over two years old, ideally between 4 and 6 years of age. Once the scions are removed from storage, trim them to a length of 9–10 cm, ensuring that the top bud is full, healthy, and free from drying or dehydration. Keep the needles intact. Transport the scions in a container with moisture control to prevent exposure to sunlight or air drying, which could reduce survival rates. The scion and rootstock should have similar thickness—ideally, the scion should be at least two-thirds as thick as the rootstock.
Use a wedge graft technique, where the scion is cut into a 1.5–2 cm wedge. Make a single clean cut without repeating. After cutting the scion, prepare the rootstock by removing the apical shoots within about 5 cm. Cut the rootstock flat 2 mm above the bud, then make a vertical cut along the pith, slightly longer than the wedge. Insert the scion into the rootstock, aligning the cambium layers for optimal healing. Secure the graft with plastic strips, ensuring the head bud is fully exposed and the area is waterproof and windproof.
4. Important Considerations. Avoid removing lateral buds around the rootstock during grafting. After grafting, the scion may be damaged by animals, drought, or other environmental factors. If this occurs, the scion may wither and die. In such cases, focus on lateral branches of the rootstock that show good growth and vitality for grafting in the following year. When using lateral branches as rootstocks, consider their growth potential and whether they can be used for fruit cultivation or further development.
5. Post-Grafting Management. Prohibit animals from entering the forest after grafting to protect the newly grafted areas. After 90 days, remove the plastic bands and prune the side buds of the rootstock. If the rootstock’s lateral branches grow faster than the scion, perform annual spring pruning to remove competing buds and promote the growth of the main scion branch. Once the graft has fully established, continue with strong pruning to encourage healthy development and productivity.
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