Improved apple variety structure
Introduce tobacco, Royal Gala, Salsa and other fine varieties to plant, and gradually replace old, miscellaneous and inferior varieties. Changfu and Qiufu should also be replaced by superior Fuji varieties. The new apple orchards will adopt new varieties and new rootstocks.
Reasonable dense planting, scientific colonization, improve the quality of the park
1 Strict land preparation, apply enough base fertilizer. Before planting, the planting pit shall be excavated according to the required density. The specifications shall be 0.8 m, 0.8 m, and 0.8 m, or the planting ditch shall be dug by line. The specification shall be 0.6 m deep and 0.8 m wide. The subsoil is separated from the topsoil by applying 10,000 kg of base fertilizer per acre. After mixing with the topsoil, it is backfilled and filled to a distance of 20 cm from the ground.
2 reasonable dense planting. In order to rationally and fully utilize land resources, the new apple orchards are planted in close planting, with a spacing of 2 to 3 meters and 4 to 5 meters.
3 Scientific planting. It is planted from late March to early April in Spring. 3 to 4 days before planting, fill the water in the planting hole to make the living soil sink. Seedlings are first-class seedlings, soaked in clean water for 24 hours before planting, and then the mud is smashed and treated with roots of acaroid mites and then immediately planted. Immediately after planting, water the soil, cover the soil with plastic film, and apply a layer of soil on the plastic film to protect the plastic film.
Scientific fertilization of apple trees
Autumn base fertilizer. The method of autumn basal fertilization is 3,000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre for the unresulted tree, and the resulting tree is 5000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre. After harvesting the mid-ripe fruit, the late ripening fruit is harvested before being combined with orchard deep ploughing. The depth is 20-30. cm.
2 Control nitrogen fertilizer and promote the use of compound fertilizers. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer can cause fruit quality to decline and soil compaction. Special compound fertilizers for fruit trees and three-dimensional compound fertilizers should be used. Usually, 0.25 kg per plant is applied to annual trees, and 0.25 kg per year thereafter. The results are calculated by the amount of fruit produced in the tree, and 100 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per 100 kg of fruit.
3 leaf spray fertilizer. Foliar spray fertilizer is a fertilization method with fast absorption and high fertilizer utilization. Humic acid efficient spray fertilizer is a liquid fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements. This fertilizer is non-toxic and non-polluting. It is an ideal fertilizer for the development of green foods. It can spray 200 times in the growing season. 5 times.
Correct pruning of apple trees
The new garden adopts different shaping methods according to the density of planting. The orchard with a row spacing of 2-4 meters adopts a slender spindle-shaped tree, and the orchard with 3 to 4 meters of 4 to 5 meters adopts a spindle shape. The result of the tree reshaping task is mainly the transformation of the tree shape, making it develop towards the direction of the improved spindle and Qiao dense sparse layer.
1 Shaping of young trees. The pruning of saplings is dominated by plastic surgery, which is usually performed in the early spring. The skirts below the trunk of 50 cm will not be left, and all will be removed. For branches larger than 50 cm, leave one for every 20 cm. Select the direction. The branches with a length of more than 70 cm shall not be cut, all shall be flattened and sprouted; the length shall be about 50 centimetres short and short; the branches less than 30 centimeters shall be short and severe, and shall be given a new branch, and shall be treated again in the coming year. The central government generally does not make short cuts, but it cuts every 20 centimeters to promote uniform growth of the branches. From May to June, we must promptly twist the tip and take care of the growth to control the growth. The robust tree carries out the main branch cutting and promotes flower bud differentiation.
2 Pruning of the initial result tree. The early result tree was pruned with Summer and summer, and the summer shear was the main method to change the past Winter shear. In winter, the pruning is mainly sparse, supplemented by shrinking and shearing, and the uniaxial extension of the main branch is cultivated. For upright branches in the canopy, there is space to flatten out, and there is no space to be eliminated; leggy branches and thin and weak branches are firmly eliminated; the auxiliary branches that affect the growth of the trunk branches are mainly shrunk shear and transformed into large-scale branches and branches; For the doctrine of the mean tree or the strong branch of the golden mean, long-distance cutting is not performed to promote flowering. Summer trimming mainly uses carved buds, pull branches, twist tips, girdling and other methods. In mid-May, when the new shoots grow to 15 cm, they will be twisted in time, and if they exceed 20 cm, they will have to take care of the length of control. If there is no growth space, they must be removed promptly. There is room for short cuts to promote new shoots. In the first half of June, girdling was carried out, trunk girdling was adopted for vigorous tree vigor, and circumcision and other methods were used for promoting flower bud differentiation and fruit enlargement. Pull branches or take branches in August to pull the branches to nearly 80. By reasonable trimming and shaping, the germination rate and flowering rate can be increased.
Strengthen the management of apple tree flower and fruit and improve the quality of fruit
1 to set flowers, thinning and thinning fruit. From the beginning of the inflorescence separation period, an inflorescence is left every 20-25 cm, leaving a central flower for each inflorescence, and the rest is completely removed. An unstable orchard during flowering season may spend more time on the center flower. After fruiting, the fruit will be thinned, leaving a fruit every 20-25 cm.
2 fruit bagging. The bagging starts from two weeks after flowering and ends at 45 days after flowering. Before bagging the entire garden spray - pesticides and fungicides, choose to hang down the central fruit bagging. Pick-up bags were taken 20 to 25 days before harvesting. The outer bags were torn off before the double-layer bags were removed and the inner bags were removed after 5 days. Remove the shaded leaves next to the fruit with a tear bag, and put a reflective film under the tree.
3 production of selenium-enriched health apple. Numerous experiments have proved that selenium is the protective god of vital organs of the human body. Supplementing 200 micrograms of selenium daily can effectively prevent various diseases of the liver and heart. It can be sprayed with 5000 times of sterilized fertilizer type II foliar before 1 week before flowering, 10 days after flowering and 1 month before fruit harvest to produce selenium-enriched health apple.
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